Enhanced Biomass Yield of and Saccharification in Transgenic Tobacco Over-Expressing β-Glucosidase
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Collection of Transgenic Tobacco Plants Overexpressing Thermostable β-Glucosidase T. maritima BglB Targeting Chloroplasts and Vacuoles, Planting Conditions, and Measurement of Phenotypic Characteristics
2.2. Measurement of β-Glucosidase Enzymatic Activities
2.3. mRNA Microarray and Transcriptional Expression Levels
2.4. Carbohydrate Contents and Composition Analysis
2.5. Pretreatment by Mild Acid and Saccharification
2.6. Techno-Economic Assessment—Costs for Planting and Biomass Yields
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Vector Construction for the Overexpression of Thermostable β-Glucosidase T. maritima BglB Targeted to the Chloroplasts and Vacuoles in Tobacco Plants and β-Glucosidase Enzymatic Activity
3.2. Phenotypes of Transgenic Plants Overexpressing T. maritima BglB Targeted to the Chloroplasts and Vacuoles Enhanced Growth and Biomass Yield
3.3. Involvement of HMG, F-Box, and MDH in the Transgenic Plants
3.4. Enhanced Saccharification in the Enzymatic Conversion of Biomass from Transgenic Plants Expressing β-Glucosidase T. maritima BglB
3.5. Difference in the Fourier Transformed Infrared (FT-IR) Spectra between the Transgenic and Wild-Type Tobacco Plants
3.6. Techno–Economic Assessment of the Increase in Biomass Production in the Transgenic Tobacco Plants as Compared with the Wild-Type Tobacco Plants
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Heading | % | WT | ChB-1 | ChB-3 | ChB-7 | VB-2 | VB-3 | VB-9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaves | Rhamnose | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.3 | 2.5 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 0.0 |
Arabinose | 1.3 ± 0.0 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | |
Xylose | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | |
Mannose | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | |
Galactose | 2.2 ± 0.0 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.0 | 2.0 ± 0.0 | 2.0 ± 0.1 | |
Glucose | 46.3 ± 1.1 | 46.0 ± 2.1 | 45.1 ± 2.0 | 45.1 ± 1.7 | 45.8 ± 5.1 | 45.1 ± 2.5 | 45.3 ± 1.1 | |
Total | 54.1 ± 1.3 | 54.5 ± 3.1 | 53.2 ± 3.0 | 53.6 ± 2.1 | 53.4 ± 4.8 | 52.6 ± 3.3 | 52.8 ± 1.5 | |
Stems | Rhamnose | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.2 |
Arabinose | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.0 | |
Xylose | 5.4 ± 0.5 | 5.5 ± 0.4 | 6.3 ± 0.2 | 7.2 ± 1.4 | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 5.4 ± 0.2 | 6.0 ± 0.2 | |
Mannose | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | |
Galactose | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | |
Glucose | 45.1 ± 2.7 | 45.3 ± 1.3 | 45.8 ± 2.1 | 46.2 ± 1.4 | 45.8 ± 1.7 | 46.1 ± 2.9 | 44.1 ± 1.8 | |
Total | 55.6 ± 3.1 | 55.9 ± 2.1 | 56.7 ± 3.5 | 58.4 ± 2.4 | 56.9 ± 3.7 | 55.8 ± 3.4 | 55.1 ± 2.6 | |
Roots | Rhamnose | 1.2 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.5 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 0.0 | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.1 |
Arabinose | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.1 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | |
Xylose | 6.5 ± 1.3 | 7.0 ± 0.2 | 6.8 ± 0.5 | 6.5 ± 0.8 | 6.4 ± 0.8 | 7.1 ± 0.2 | 7.1 ± 0.3 | |
Mannose | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.3 ± 0.0 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | |
Galactose | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | |
Glucose | 45.7 ± 2.8 | 46.0 ± 3.9 | 45.3 ± 2.5 | 45.1 ± 0.9 | 44.9 ± 0.7 | 45.8 ± 2.4 | 45.9 ± 4.1 | |
Total | 56.6 ± 3.8 | 57.5±4.1 | 57.1±3.3 | 56.5±1.6 | 55.5±3.8 | 57.4±4.1 | 57.2±4.8 |
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Cho, E.J.; Nguyen, Q.A.; Lee, Y.G.; Song, Y.; Park, B.J.; Bae, H.-J. Enhanced Biomass Yield of and Saccharification in Transgenic Tobacco Over-Expressing β-Glucosidase. Biomolecules 2020, 10, 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10050806
Cho EJ, Nguyen QA, Lee YG, Song Y, Park BJ, Bae H-J. Enhanced Biomass Yield of and Saccharification in Transgenic Tobacco Over-Expressing β-Glucosidase. Biomolecules. 2020; 10(5):806. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10050806
Chicago/Turabian StyleCho, Eun Jin, Quynh Anh Nguyen, Yoon Gyo Lee, Younho Song, Bok Jae Park, and Hyeun-Jong Bae. 2020. "Enhanced Biomass Yield of and Saccharification in Transgenic Tobacco Over-Expressing β-Glucosidase" Biomolecules 10, no. 5: 806. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10050806