Blood Fatty Acids Profile in MIS-C Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Subjects
4.2. Anthropometric and Blood Measurements
4.3. Fatty Acid Analysis
4.4. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mean ± SD | Reference Values | |
---|---|---|
N of subjects | 26 | |
M/F | 21/5 | |
Age (mo) | 110.79 ± 50.29 | |
Height (cm) | 135.86 ± 24.24 | |
Weight (kg) | 36.35 ± 16.26 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 18.58 ± 3.19 | |
BMI z score [31] | 0.48 ± 1.00 | ±2 z score obesity and malnutrition (CDC) |
Arm circ (cm) [32] | 21.16 ± 4.27 | <5° or >90° pc (NANHES III) |
Waist circ (cm) [32] | 66.55 ± 10.48 | <5° or >90° pc (NANHES III) |
Triceps skinfold (mm) [32] | 15.05 ± 7.80 | <5° or >90° pc (NANHES III) |
Laboratory Markers of Inflammation | Median (25th–75th Percentile) | Reference Values | % Subjects Outside of the Ref Values |
---|---|---|---|
Fibrinogen [33] | 7 (6.4–7) | <4 g/L | 100 |
D-dimer [33] | 2734.5 (1956–4432.5) | <500 µg/L | 100 |
CRP | 236.5 (109–291.4) | ≤10 mg/L | 100 |
ESR | 38 (23–69) | ≤30 mm | 61 |
Procalcitonine [33] | 6.9 (2.3–24) | <0.5 µg/L | 96 |
IL-6 [33] | 75 (10–253) | ≤7 ng/L | 89 |
LDH [33] | 255 (221.2–287) | 180–360 U/L | |
Ferritin [33] | 875.5 (414.8–1960.2) | <300 µg/L | 100 |
Albumin | 25.5 (22.5–29) | 35–50 g/L | 100 |
Biochemistry | |||
Hb [33] | 11 (9.2–11.6) | 11.5–15.5 g/dL | 72 |
Leukocytes | 8.4 (5.1–14.2) | 4.5–10 × 109/L | 40 |
Platelets | 156 (111.5–210.5) | M 155–320, F 169–359 × 109/L | 44 |
INR | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | <1.2 | 76 |
Ratio aPTT | 1.4 (1.2–1.4) | 0.84–1.16 | 86 |
TnT | 47.5 (16–81.5) | ≤15 ng/L | 81 |
NT-proBNP | 6619 (2621–14,594) | <450 ng/L | 100 |
Creatinine | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | 0.15–0.75 mg/dL | |
Urea | 29 (16.5–44) | 19–50 mg/dL | |
CK | 68 (35.8–147.2) | M 47–322 U/L; F 29–201 U/L | |
AST | 57 (43–88.5) | 11–34 U/L | 100 |
ALT | 31 (16.5–63.2) | M ≤ 49U/L, F ≤ 33 U/L | 32 |
GGT | 26.5 (20–56.2) | M 12–68 U/L, F 6–40 U/L | 20 |
Na+ [33] | 132 (130–135) | 135–145 mmol/L | 16 |
K+ [33] | 3.5 (3–4) | 3.5–5 mmol/L | 52 |
TSH [33] | 2.3 (1.3–3) | 0.5–4.2 mIU/L | |
fT3 [33] | 2.7 (2–3.6) | 3.5–6.3 pmol/L | 80 |
fT4 [33] | 12.2 (11.1–14.3) | 9–19.3 pmol/L | |
Blood lipid and glucose metabolism | |||
Total cholesterol [33] | 120 (85–164) | <170 mg/dL | 12 |
HDL-cholesterol [33] | 16 (7–25.2) | >45 mg/dL | 100 |
Triglycerides [33] | 190 (124–303.2) | <75 mg/dL 0–9 yo <90 mg/dL age 10–19 yo | 52 |
TyG Index [34] | 9.2 (8.8–9.7) | <7.88 | 100 |
Glucose [35] | 110.5 (95.5–125.2) | 70–110 mg/dL | 42 |
HbA1c [35] | 33 (32–34.8) | ≤39 mmol/mol |
FA | % w/w ± SD | (Min–Max) |
---|---|---|
16:0 | 27.99 ± 1.68 | (24.65–30.90) |
18:0 | 10.16 ± 1.26 | (7.61–13.03) |
20:0 | 0.41 ± 0.10 | (0.26–0.62) |
22:0 | 1.05 ± 0.22 | (0.67–1.45) |
24:0 | 1.75 ± 0.57 | (1.13–3.05) |
16:1 | 3.32 ± 1.09 | (1.58–6.44) |
18:1 n − 9 | 26.87 ± 3.18 | (20.30–32.72) |
18:1 n − 7 | 1.82 ± 0.52 | (1.18–3.94) |
20:1 | 0.19 ± 0.10 | (0.05–0.63) |
22:1 | 0.09 ± 0.04 | (0.02–0.18) |
24:1 | 2.21 ± 0.64 | (1.55–3.64) |
20:3 n − 9 | 0.15 ± 0.10 | (0.04–0.44) |
18:2 n − 6 | 12.39 ± 2.28 | (8.29–16.99) |
18:3 n − 6 | 0.64 ± 0.36 | (0.09–1.78) |
20:3 n − 6 | 1.09 ± 0.26 | (067–1.74) |
20:4 n − 6 | 6.38 ± 1.05 | (4.86–8.54) |
22:4 n − 6 | 0.81 ± 0.21 | (0.54–1.35) |
22:5 n − 6 | 0.42 ± 0.18 | (0.27–1.14) |
18:3 n − 3 | 0.22 ± 0.10 | (0.09–0.48) |
20:5 n − 3 | 0.34 ± 0.09 | (0.17–0.49) |
22:5 n − 3 | 0.48 ± 0.09 | (0.28–0.69) |
22:6 n − 3 | 1.21 ± 0.43 | (0.39–2.89) |
SAT | 41.38 ± 2.39 | (37.42–46.37) |
MONO | 34.50 ± 3.19 | (25.88–40.09) |
POLY | 24.13 ± 2.75 | (18.36–31.33) |
Author (Reference) | Present Study | Risé [37] | Crippa [38] | Bonafini [39] | Van der Wurff [40] | Ryan [41] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (yo) | 3–18 | <9 | 7–14 | 7–9 | 13–15 | 4 |
% LA | 12.39 ± 2.28 | 22.54 ± 2.45 | ||||
<9 yo | 12.72 ± 2.43 | 17.67 ± 1.92 | 19.9 ± 2.32 | |||
>9 yo | 11.99 ± 2.13 | |||||
% AA | 6.38 ± 1.05 | 10.10 ± 0.92 | ||||
<9 yo | 6.14 ± 1.09 | 8.33 ± 1.04 | 12.21 ± 1.67 | 7.50 ± 1.89 | ||
>9 yo | 6.66 ± 0.97 | 11.01–11.33 | ||||
% ALA | 0.22 ± 0.10 | |||||
<9 yo | 0.18 ± 0.10 | 0.15 ± 0.05 | 0.16 ± 0.08 | |||
>9 yo | 0.27 ± 0.09 | |||||
% EPA | 0.34 ± 0.09 | 1.13 ± 0.45 | ||||
<9 yo | 0.32 ± 0.09 | 0.23 ± 0.08 | 0.30 ± 0.17 | 0.30 ± 0.39 | ||
>9 yo | 0.36 ± 0.08 | 0.34–0.42 | ||||
% DHA | 1.20 ± 0.43 | 1.93 ± 0.53 | ||||
<9 yo | 1.08 ± 0.28 | 1.40 ± 0.37 | 2.92 ± 0.76 | 1.00 ± 0.34 | ||
>9 yo | 1.35 ± 0.53 | 2.49–2.63 |
LA | AA | ALA | EPA | DHA | O3I | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRP | −0.023 | −0.036 | 0.508 * | 0.048 | 0.149 | 0.246 |
IL-6 | −0.236 | −0.378 | −0.092 | −0.097 | −0.174 | −0.117 |
ESR | 0.466 | 0.054 | −0.161 | −0.140 | 0 | −0.046 |
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Verduci, E.; Risé, P.; Di Profio, E.; Fiori, L.; Vizzuso, S.; Dilillo, D.; Mannarino, S.; Zoia, E.; Calcaterra, V.; Pinna, C.; et al. Blood Fatty Acids Profile in MIS-C Children. Metabolites 2021, 11, 721. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110721
Verduci E, Risé P, Di Profio E, Fiori L, Vizzuso S, Dilillo D, Mannarino S, Zoia E, Calcaterra V, Pinna C, et al. Blood Fatty Acids Profile in MIS-C Children. Metabolites. 2021; 11(11):721. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110721
Chicago/Turabian StyleVerduci, Elvira, Patrizia Risé, Elisabetta Di Profio, Laura Fiori, Sara Vizzuso, Dario Dilillo, Savina Mannarino, Elena Zoia, Valeria Calcaterra, Christian Pinna, and et al. 2021. "Blood Fatty Acids Profile in MIS-C Children" Metabolites 11, no. 11: 721. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11110721