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Automatic Detection of Atrial Fibrillation and Other Arrhythmias in ECG Recordings Acquired by a Smartphone Device
 
 
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Correction

Correction: Billeci, L.; et al. Automatic Detection of Atrial Fibrillation and Other Arrhythmias in ECG Recordings Acquired by a Smartphone Device. Electronics 2018, 7, 199

1
Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy, via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
2
Cardioline S.p.A., via Linz 19-21-21, 38121 Spini di Gardolo (TN), Italy
3
Dedalus S.p.A., Via Gaetano Malasoma, 24, 56121 Pisa, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2018, 7(10), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics7100248
Submission received: 10 October 2018 / Accepted: 10 October 2018 / Published: 12 October 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Data Processing and Wearable Systems for Effective Human Monitoring)
The authors wish to make the following corrections to our published paper [1].
The scores, shown in the last column of Table 3, refer to the follow-up phase of the CinC 2017 challenge, and may have been obtained with methods and features different from those shown in columns 3 and 2, which refer to Challenge phase and are described in the cited articles published on CinC 2017 Proceedings. In particular: The score F1 = 0.848 of Teijero et al. was obtained not using 79 features, as shown in the table, but 42 features and the score F1 = 0.8278 of Plesinger et al. was obtained using not 277, but 60 features. These data are extracted from their recently published articles on Physiological Measurements.
Furthermore, it must be specified that the applied classification method of Teijero et al. is not a Recurrent Neural Network, but an ensemble of a Gradient Boosting classifier and a Recurrent Neural Network.
As for the other two items in the table (Kropf et al., Datta et al.), we have no information on any changes in the follow-up respect to the challenge phase.
In summary, on page 9, Table 3 should be changed from:
Table 3. Comparison of the results of the proposed methods with that of the other algorithms proposed for the Physionet Challenge 2017 obtained in the follow-up phase.
Table 3. Comparison of the results of the proposed methods with that of the other algorithms proposed for the Physionet Challenge 2017 obtained in the follow-up phase.
ReferenceNumber of FeaturesClassification MethodOverall Performance
Teijeiro et al. [40]79Recurrent Neural NetworkF1 = 0.848
Kropf et al. [41]380Random ForestF1 = 0.832
Billeci et al. (proposed method)30Least Square-Support Vector MachineF1 = 0.830
Datta et al. [42]150Multi-layer Cascaded Binary F1 = 0.8294
Plesinger [43]277Neural Network + Bagged Tree EnsembleF1 = 0.8278
Notably, our performance on the hidden test set of the official challenge phase was: F1n = 0.911; F1a = 0.784; F1o = 0.739 and F1 = 0.812 (obtaining the 12th place in the official ranking list). The increase in performance achieved from the official phase to the follow-up phase suggests the importance of having reliable annotations for the algorithm training and evaluation.
to the following correct version:
Table 3. Comparison of the results of the proposed methods with that of the other algorithms proposed for the Physionet Challenge 2017 obtained in the follow-up phase.
Table 3. Comparison of the results of the proposed methods with that of the other algorithms proposed for the Physionet Challenge 2017 obtained in the follow-up phase.
ReferenceNumber of FeaturesClassification MethodOverall Performance
Teijeiro et al. [40]42Gradient Boosting classifier and Recurrent Neural NetworkF1 = 0.848
Kropf et al. [41]380Random ForestF1 = 0.832
Billeci et al. (proposed method)30Least Square-Support Vector MachineF1 = 0.830
Datta et al. [42]150Multi-layer Cascaded Binary F1 = 0.8294
Plesinger [43]60Neural Network + Bagged Tree EnsembleF1 = 0.8278
Notably, our performance on the hidden test set of the official challenge phase was: F1n = 0.911; F1a = 0.784; F1o = 0.739 and F1 = 0.812 (obtaining the 12th place in the official ranking list). The increase in performance achieved from the official phase to the follow-up phase suggests the importance of having reliable annotations for the algorithm training and evaluation.
On page 14, reference 40 and reference 43 should be changed from:
  • 40. Teijeiro, T.; García, C.A.; Castro, D.; Félix, P. Arrhythmia Classification from the Abductive Interpretation of Short Single-Lead ECG Records. Comput. Cardiol. 2017, 44, doi:10.22489/CinC.2017.166-054.
  • 43. Plesinger, F.; Nejedly, P.; Viscor, I.; Halamek, J.; Jurak, P. Automatic Detection of Atrial Fibrillation and Other Arrhythmias in Holter ECG Recordings using PQRS Morphology and Rhythm Features. Comput. Cardiol. 2017, 44, doi:10.22489/CinC.2017.364-057.
to the following correct versions:
  • 40. Teijeiro, T.; García, C.A.; Castro, D.; Félix, P. Abductive reasoning as the basis to reproduce expert criteria in ECG Atrial Fibrillation identification. Physiol. Meas. 2018, 39, 084006, doi:10.1088/1361-6579/aad7e4.
  • 43. Plesinger, F.; Nejedly, P.; Viscor, I.; Halamek, J.; Jurak, P. Parallel use of a convolutional neural network and bagged tree ensemble for the classification of Holter ECG. Physiol. Meas. 2018, 39, 094002, doi:10.1088/1361-6579/aad9ee.
The authors would like to apologize for any inconvenience caused to the readers by these changes. The changes do not affect the scientific results. The manuscript will be updated and the original will remain online on the article webpage, with a reference to this Correction.

Reference

  1. Billeci, L.; Costi, M.; Lombardi, D.; Chiarugi, F.; Varanini, M. Automatic Detection of Atrial Fibrillation and Other Arrhythmias in ECG Recordings Acquired by a Smartphone Device. Electronics 2018, 7, 199. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]

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MDPI and ACS Style

Billeci, L.; Costi, M.; Lombardi, D.; Chiarugi, F.; Varanini, M. Correction: Billeci, L.; et al. Automatic Detection of Atrial Fibrillation and Other Arrhythmias in ECG Recordings Acquired by a Smartphone Device. Electronics 2018, 7, 199. Electronics 2018, 7, 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics7100248

AMA Style

Billeci L, Costi M, Lombardi D, Chiarugi F, Varanini M. Correction: Billeci, L.; et al. Automatic Detection of Atrial Fibrillation and Other Arrhythmias in ECG Recordings Acquired by a Smartphone Device. Electronics 2018, 7, 199. Electronics. 2018; 7(10):248. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics7100248

Chicago/Turabian Style

Billeci, Lucia, Magda Costi, David Lombardi, Franco Chiarugi, and Maurizio Varanini. 2018. "Correction: Billeci, L.; et al. Automatic Detection of Atrial Fibrillation and Other Arrhythmias in ECG Recordings Acquired by a Smartphone Device. Electronics 2018, 7, 199" Electronics 7, no. 10: 248. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics7100248

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