Microstructure and Meso-Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Mixture Modified by Rubber Powder under a Multi-Scale Effect
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials
2.1. Aggregates
2.2. Asphalt Binder
3. Characterization and Performance Testing
3.1. Characteristic Test at a Micro Scale
3.2. Meso-Mechanical Analysis
3.2.1. Dynamic Shear Rheological Test Methods (DSR)
3.2.2. Dynamic Modulus Test Design
4. Results
4.1. Microscopic Properties
4.1.1. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
4.1.2. Asphalt Film Thickness
4.2. Meso-Mechanical Analysis
4.2.1. Rheological Properties
4.2.2. Analysis of Dynamic Viscoelastic Characteristics
- Dynamic Modulus
- Phase Angle
5. Conclusions
- Experimental studies have found that due to the interference of rubber powder particles, there are certain limitations when using condition indicators such as ductility, penetration, and the softening point to evaluate the performance of rubber asphalt. Therefore, it is recommended to combine the viscosity index and scanning electron microscope results when analyzing the performance of rubber-modified asphalt from a multi-scale perspective.
- Based on the scanning electron microscopy analysis, the asphalt absorbed light components during the expansion process and formed a gel film on the surface of the rubber powder particles, thereby improving the high-temperature performance and viscoelasticity of the asphalt. With an increase in rubber-powder content, the particle size first decreased and then increased, indicating that the swelling rate of the asphalt first increased to an extreme value and then decreased with an increase in the rubber-powder content. Combining the scanning results of the electron microscope with those of Brookfield viscosity, the softening point and ductility index analysis showed that the best amount of rubber powder is 30%.
- The effective asphalt film thickness of the rubber-powder-modified asphalt mixture was calculated using a centrifugal separation test, and the asphalt film thickness was compared and corrected via the scanning electron microscope method. Multi-scale combined analysis methods were used to verify the bonding strength of the adhesive. At the same time, we found that the use of digital image processing technology can better characterize the angularity of coarse aggregates. Then, we analyzed the impact of the macroscopic properties of the angularity of the aggregates on the performance of the asphalt mixture.
- The DSR test showed that after continuous loading and unloading, the rubber-powder-modified asphalt had a higher complex modulus, thereby affording better fatigue resistance. Compared with the SBS-modified asphalt, the rutting factor of the rubber-powder-modified asphalt was increased by 10.3–19.3%, indicating that the high-temperature resistance and permanent deformation abilities of the asphalt were improved after adding the rubber powder.
- The dynamic modulus of the rubber-modified asphalt mixture was negatively related to temperature. When the temperature was high (40 °C), the dynamic modulus difference of each loading frequency was very small. At this time, the viscosity effect of the asphalt mixture gradually increased, and the asphalt pavement was prone to a greater degree of permanent deformation when the load continued to increase. Therefore, the dynamic modulus was found to be very representative as an index for the high-temperature stability of asphalt pavement.
- The temperature turning point for the phase angle of the high-dosage rubber-powder-modified asphalt mixture was 40 °C. At a low temperature and high frequency, the asphalt mixture was closer to an elastomer, with its elastic properties mainly contributed by aggregate. At this time, the phase angle of the asphalt mixture decreased with an increase in frequency. At a high temperature and low frequency, the asphalt mixture transformed into a viscous elastomer. Then, the viscosity proportion of the mixture increased; the mixture’s viscosity property was mainly affected by the asphalt binder. The addition of rubber powder changed the temperature sensitivity of the asphalt and then affected the viscoelastic properties of the asphalt mixture.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Penetration Degree/0.1 mm | Softening Point/°C | Ductility/cm | Brinell Viscosity/Pa·× s | Standard Method |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
70#matrix asphalt | 61 | 49.8 | 66.9 | 0.424 | JTG E20-2011 |
SBS-modified asphalt | 56 | 68.5 | 32 | 1.325 | |
25% Rubber-powder-modified asphalt | 61.8 | 71.6 | 12.9 | 2.162 | |
30% Rubber-powder-modified asphalt | 56.7 | 78.9 | 15.7 | 2.887 | |
35% Rubber-powder-modified asphalt | 51.2 | 79.2 | 17.5 | 3.921 |
Project | Technical Indicator | Standard Method | Test Material | Test Conditions |
---|---|---|---|---|
Micro-Structural Analysis | SEM electroscope scanning test | JB/T 6842-93 | Rubber-powder-modified asphalt (25%, 30%, 35% rubber-powder content) | The sample was frozen and brittle-fractured, and then the fracture surface was etched with a solvent |
Asphalt film thickness | JTG E20-2011 | Stone Mastic Asphalt with a maximum dimension of aggregates of 13 mm (30% rubber-powder content) | We calculated the thickness of the asphalt film based on the effective asphalt content determined using the centrifugal separation method (correcting for the scanning electron microscope) |
Test Item | Temperature/°C | Temperature Step/°C | Frequency /Hz | Loading Method | Standard Method |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency sweeping | 46–70 | 6 | 0.1–25 | sine wave | JTG E20-2011 |
Temperature scanning | 46–70 | 6 | 0.1–25 |
Frequency/Hz | Number of Repetitions /Times | Frequency/Hz | Number of Repetitions /Times |
---|---|---|---|
25 | 200 | 1 | 20 |
10 | 200 | 0.5 | 15 |
5 | 100 | 0.1 | 15 |
Effective Pitch Film Thickness/μm | Time/h | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Specimen Number | 0 | 2 | 4 | 7 |
1 | 251 | 240 | 225 | 221 |
2 | 251 | 226 | 167 | 140 |
3 | 251 | 204 | 134 | 89 |
4 | 251 | 182 | 76 | 31 |
5 | 251 | 189 | 130 | 74 |
6 | 251 | 173 | 131 | 52 |
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Yang, S.; Sun, S.; Qin, L.; Li, Q. Microstructure and Meso-Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Mixture Modified by Rubber Powder under a Multi-Scale Effect. Coatings 2021, 11, 1321. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111321
Yang S, Sun S, Qin L, Li Q. Microstructure and Meso-Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Mixture Modified by Rubber Powder under a Multi-Scale Effect. Coatings. 2021; 11(11):1321. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111321
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Sanqiang, Shuang Sun, Lusheng Qin, and Qian Li. 2021. "Microstructure and Meso-Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Mixture Modified by Rubber Powder under a Multi-Scale Effect" Coatings 11, no. 11: 1321. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11111321