Pore Size Changes in Marine Soft Soil under Various Freezing Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil Samples
2.1.1. Undisturbed Soil Sample
2.1.2. Vacuum Preloading Remolded Soil Sample
2.1.3. Compaction Remolded Soil Sample
2.2. The Use of NMR Technique
2.3. Freezing Plan
3. Temperature Profile of the Soil Sample
4. Pore Distribution in Frozen–Thawed Undisturbed Soil under Different Temperatures
4.1. Effects of Freeze–Thaw Action
4.2. Effects of Freeze Temperature
4.3. Changes in Pore Size Distribution
4.4. Distribution of Pore Throat
5. Pore Distribution of V-R Soil at Different Temperatures
6. Pore Distribution in Vacuum Preloading Remolded Soil at Different Freezing Speeds
7. Conclusions
- Time taken to reach a set temperature has a linear relation with temperature: The lower the set temperature, the less time required to reach the target temperature. This is because the heat generated by crystallization changes subtly below −10 °C: The lower the set temperature, the faster the heat loss.
- Under freezing action, the number of tiny pores decreases but the number of medium pores increases, with even large pores appearing. Finally, the void ratio of the soil also rises.
- All sizes of undisturbed soil pores tend to increase under different freezing temperatures. In general, the lower the temperature, the more obvious the uptrend. For temperatures below −10 °C, it is difficult for pore changes to exceed a fixed value.
- During the early stages of the freezing process, the percentage of tiny pores increases, but then slows down, because there is more free water in medium pores than in small pores; thus, the water in medium pores freezes earlier than that in the small pores. As the temperature drops, this process accelerates.
- The medium pores in the soil samples make a major contribution to the failure of soil structure.
- Fast freezing speed has a greater effect on medium pores, but slow freezing speed has a greater effect on tiny pores. Because medium pores have a greater effect on porosity, the faster the freezing speed, the greater the ultimate void ratio. Thus, even at the same freezing temperature, changes in soil pores far from the freezing pipe are smaller than those near it.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Serial Number | Soil Types | Freezing Temperature | Freeze Time | Thaw Time | Diameter * Height | Freeze Speed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
01 | O-S | −5 °C | 48 h | 48 h | 50 * 50 mm | fast |
02 | O-S | −10 °C | 48 h | 48 h | 50 * 50 mm | fast |
03 | O-S | −15 °C | 48 h | 48 h | 50 * 50 mm | fast |
04 | O-S | −20 °C | 48 h | 48 h | 50 * 50 mm | fast |
05 | O-S | −25 °C | 48 h | 48 h | 50 * 50 mm | fast |
06 | O-S | −30 °C | 48 h | 48 h | 50 * 50 mm | fast |
07 | C-R | −20 °C | 48 h | 48 h | 50 * 50 mm | fast |
08 | V-R | −20 °C | 48 h | 48 h | 50 * 50 mm | fast |
09 | V-R | −1 °C | 24 h | 24 h | 38 * 38 mm | fast |
10 | V-R | −3 °C | 24 h | 24 h | 38 * 38 mm | fast |
11 | V-R | −5 °C | 24 h | 24 h | 38 * 38 mm | fast |
12 | V-R | −8 °C | 24 h | 24 h | 38 * 38 mm | fast |
13 | V-R | −10 °C | 24 h | 24 h | 38 * 38 mm | fast |
14 | V-R | −20 °C | 24 h | 24 h | 38 * 38 mm | fast |
15 | V-R | −20 °C | 24 h | 24 h | 38 * 38 mm | fast |
16 | V-R | −20 °C | 24 h | 24 h | 38 * 38 mm | medium |
17 | V-R | −20 °C | 24 h | 24 h | 38 * 38 mm | slow |
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Kong, B.; Xia, F.; Yu, B.; Xia, T.; Ding, Z. Pore Size Changes in Marine Soft Soil under Various Freezing Conditions. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2020, 8, 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8030170
Kong B, Xia F, Yu B, Xia T, Ding Z. Pore Size Changes in Marine Soft Soil under Various Freezing Conditions. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020; 8(3):170. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8030170
Chicago/Turabian StyleKong, Bowen, Fan Xia, Bingqi Yu, Tangdai Xia, and Zhi Ding. 2020. "Pore Size Changes in Marine Soft Soil under Various Freezing Conditions" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 3: 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8030170