Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cytocompatible Salvia officinalis Extracts: A Comparison between Traditional and Soxhlet Extraction
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents
2.2. Bioactive Compounds Extraction
2.3. Determination of the TPC
2.4. Determination of the TFC
2.5. Chromatographic Analyses
2.6. Preparation of S. officinalis Extracts Solutions and IC50 Calculation for Antioxidant Activity Assays
2.6.1. DPPH● Radical Scavenging Activity
2.6.2. ABTS●+ Radical Scavenging Activity
2.6.3. Antioxidant Activity against ROO●
2.6.4. Antioxidant Activity against ●NO
2.6.5. Antioxidant Activity against O2●−
2.6.6. RP Capacity
2.7. Preparation of S. officinalis Extracts Solution for Biological Studies
2.8. Cytotoxicity Evaluation
2.8.1. Cell Culture and Seeding
2.8.2. Metabolic Activity
2.8.3. DNA Quantification
2.8.4. Total Protein Content
2.8.5. Cell Morphology
2.9. Proinflammatory Activity Evaluation
Metabolic Activity
2.10. Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation
IL-6 and TNF-α Quantification
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Extraction Yield
3.2. TPC and TFC
3.3. TLC Analysis of S. officinalis Extracts
3.4. Antiradical Activity of S. officinalis Extracts against DPPH● and ABTS●+
3.5. Antioxidant Activity against ROO●
3.6. Antioxidant Activity against ●NO
3.7. Antioxidant Activity against O2●−
3.8. RP Scavenging Activity
3.9. Cytotoxicity of S. officinalis Extracts
3.9.1. L929 Cell Line
3.9.2. Non- and LPS-Stimulated Macrophages
3.10. Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of S. officinalis Extracts
3.10.1. Nonstimulated Macrophages
3.10.2. LPS-Stimulated Macrophages
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vieira, S.F.; Ferreira, H.; Neves, N.M. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cytocompatible Salvia officinalis Extracts: A Comparison between Traditional and Soxhlet Extraction. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 1157. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111157
Vieira SF, Ferreira H, Neves NM. Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cytocompatible Salvia officinalis Extracts: A Comparison between Traditional and Soxhlet Extraction. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(11):1157. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111157
Chicago/Turabian StyleVieira, Sara F., Helena Ferreira, and Nuno M. Neves. 2020. "Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cytocompatible Salvia officinalis Extracts: A Comparison between Traditional and Soxhlet Extraction" Antioxidants 9, no. 11: 1157. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111157
APA StyleVieira, S. F., Ferreira, H., & Neves, N. M. (2020). Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Cytocompatible Salvia officinalis Extracts: A Comparison between Traditional and Soxhlet Extraction. Antioxidants, 9(11), 1157. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9111157