Equine Asthma Does Not Affect Circulating Myostatin Concentrations in Horses
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Horses
2.2. Classification of Horses into Experimental Groups
2.3. Body Condition Score
2.4. Endoscopic Examination and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Collection and Analysis
2.5. Blood Collection and Analysis
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Recreational Horses (Lr) | Other Horses (Excluded) | Asthmatic Horses (Astm) | |
---|---|---|---|
Breed | Konik Polski (n = 7) Polish Half-Bred Horse (n = 3) | Konik Polski (n = 10) Polish Half-Bred Horse (n = 14) | Konik Polski (n = 4) Polish Half-Bred Horse (n = 11) |
Clinical symptoms | None | Occasional cough with periods of no coughing Flares during inspiration Slight flattening of ventral flank | Very frequent cough Flares in inspiration and expiration (no movement can be seen) Obvious abdominal lift and ’’heave line’’ extending beyond halfway between the cubital joint and tuber coxae |
Mucus accumulation score and its colour * | 0 clear | 1–2 yellow | 3–5 yellow |
% of non-degenerated neutrophils in BAL | <5 | 5–15 | >20 |
% of eosinophils | 0–0.2 | 0–0.5 | 0–0 |
% of mast cells | 0.5–2.0 | 0.5–3.0 | 1.0–3.0 |
Presence of Curschmann‘s spirals | No | Occasionally | Yes |
Racehorses (Th) | Recreational Horses (Lr) | Asthmatic Horses (Astm) | |
---|---|---|---|
Breed | Thoroughbred horse (n = 12) | Konik Polski (n = 7) Polish half-bred horse (n = 3) | Konik Polski (n = 4) Polish half-bred horse (n = 11) |
Total numbers of individuals in group | 12 | 10 | 15 |
Mean age (years) | 3.5 (3—4) a | 16.5 (10—23) b | 15 (7–23) b |
Intensity and type of usage | Intensive, race horses | Moderate, recreational horses | Moderate, recreational horses |
Mean BCS (Body Condition Score) | 4.2 a | 6.3 b | 6.1 b |
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Kowalik, S.; O’reilly, M.; Niedźwiedź, A.; Kędzierski, W. Equine Asthma Does Not Affect Circulating Myostatin Concentrations in Horses. Animals 2024, 14, 799. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14050799
Kowalik S, O’reilly M, Niedźwiedź A, Kędzierski W. Equine Asthma Does Not Affect Circulating Myostatin Concentrations in Horses. Animals. 2024; 14(5):799. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14050799
Chicago/Turabian StyleKowalik, Sylwester, Maisie O’reilly, Artur Niedźwiedź, and Witold Kędzierski. 2024. "Equine Asthma Does Not Affect Circulating Myostatin Concentrations in Horses" Animals 14, no. 5: 799. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14050799