Effect of a 6-Week Preseason Training Protocol on Physiological and Muscle Damage Markers in High-Level Female and Male Basketball Players
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Intervention Program
2.4. Biochemical Assessment
2.5. Physiological Assessment
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Characteristics
3.2. Effect of Preseason Training on Body Composition
3.3. Effect of Preseason Training on Performance Indices
3.4. Effect of Preseason Training on CK and LDH
3.5. Correlations
4. Discussion
5. Practical Applications
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Men | Women | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 25.1 ± 6.2 | 22.7 ± 5.9 | 0.396 |
Height (cm) | 195 ± 0.06 | 171 ± 0.04 | <0.001 * |
Weight (kg) | 91.8 ± 10.4 | 71.2 ± 9.5 | <0.001 * |
ΒΜΙ (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 1.4 | 24.3 ± 3.2 | 0.748 |
Fat Perc (%) | 14.3 ± 3.2 | 23.4 ± 3.5 | <0.001 * |
1st Week | 2nd Week | 3rd Week | 4th Week | 5th Week | 6th Week |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 strength (60′ medium intensity)—1 conditioning (30′ low intensity) | 2 strength (60′ medium intensity)—2 conditioning (30′ medium intensity) | 3 strength (50′ high intensity)—2 conditioning (40′ medium intensity and 30′ high intensity) | 2 strength (50′ high intensity)—3 conditioning (30′ high intensity × 2 and 40′ medium intensity) | 2 strength (50′ high to medium intensity)—2 conditioning (30′ high to medium intensity) | 1 strength (50′ medium to low intensity)—2 conditioning (20′ medium to low intensity) |
1st Week | 6th Week | |
---|---|---|
Monday | (1) Fitball planks 3 × 40 s. (2) Forward lunges on bosu 2 × 15 for each leg. (3) TRX back row 3 × 15. (4) Arm biceps with exercise band 3 × 20. (5) Fitball pullovers with dumbbell 3 × 12. (6) Smith squats 3 × 12-10-8. (7) Push-ups 3 × 12. (8) Shoulders press with dumbbells 3 × 10. (9) Abs exercises (upper–lower side) 3 × 15. (10) Back exercises 3 × 15. + Basketball training | (1) Ladder drills 5′. (2) Nebraska agility cone drill 45″ × 5. (3) Wheel bag barrier drill 4 sets. (4) 4 corner cone drill 40″ × 4. + Basketball training |
Tuesday | Basketball training (morning) + Basketball training (afternoon) | (1) Wall squats 40″ × 3. (2) Fitball planks 40″ × 3. (3) TRX back row 3 × 15. (4) Single-leg RDL with dumbbells 3 × 10. (5) Dumbbell chest press on a fitball 3 × 12. (6) Bulgarian split squat with dumbbells 3 × 10. (7) Arnold press exercise 3 × 12-10-8. (8) Abs exercises (upper-lower side) 3 × 15. (9) Back exercises 3 × 15. + Basketball training |
Wednesday | (1) Ladder drills 5′. (2) Cone ladder drill 5-10-5 50″ × 5. (3) 4 corner cone drill 45″ × 5. (4) Tap bag barrier drill 5 sets. (5) Change of pace cone drill 40″ × 4. + Basketball training | Basketball—friendly game |
Thursday | Basketball training | Basketball training (morning) + Basketball training (afternoon) |
Friday | Basketball training (morning) + Basketball training (afternoon) | (1) Ladder drills 5′. (2) Sprint and shuffle cone drill 40″ × 4. (3) Crossover and step barrier drill 4 sets. (4) V cone drill 35″ × 4. + Basketball training |
Saturday | (1) Single-leg balance exercises on bosu 40″ × 3. (2) Shoulder external and internal rotation with exercise band 3 × 15 for each arm. (3) Bosu squats 3 × 15. (4) Closed grip push-ups 3 × 12. (5) TRX front shoulder raises 3 × 15. (6) Bulgarian split squat with dumbbells 3 × 12. (7) Bench press 3 × 12-10-8. (8) Single-arm dumbbell back row 3 × 12. (9) Abs exercises (upper-lower side) 3 × 15. (10) Back exercises 3 × 15. + Basketball training | Basketball training |
Sunday | Rest | 1st game of the regular season |
Before | After | Percentage Change (p) | ES (95% CI) | T p (ηp2) | TG p (ηp2) | G p (ηp2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (kg) | Men | 91.8 ± 10.4 | 91.6 ± 10.6 | −0.18 ± 1.55% (0.748) | −0.01 (−1.25, 1.22) | 0.297 (0.064) | 0.623 (0.015) | <0.001 † (0.547) |
Women | 71.2 ± 9.5 | 70.8 ± 9.1 | −0.50 ± 0.91% (0.101) | −0.04 (−1.35, 1.26) | ||||
p | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.605 | |||||
BMI (kg/m2) | Men | 24.0 ± 1.4 | 24.0 ± 1.4 | 0.09 ± 1.75% (0.882) | 0.01 (−1.22, 1.25) | 0.426 (0.038) | 0.297 (0.064) | 0.800 (0.004) |
Women | 24.3 ± 3.2 | 24.2 ± 3 | −0.53 ± 0.8% (0.063) | −0.03 (−1.33, 1.27) | ||||
p | 0.748 | 0.855 | 0.337 | |||||
Fat Perc (%) | Men | 14.3 ± 3.2 | 13.8 ± 3.1 | −3.82 ± 4.02% (0.013) # | −0.16 (−1.4, 1.08) | <0.001 † (0.484) | 0.270 (0.071) | <0.001 † (0.687) |
Women | 23.43 ± 3.5 | 23.13 ± 3.3 | −1.18 ± 1.32% (0.024) # | −0.09 (−1.39, 1.21) | ||||
p | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.077 |
Before | After | Percentage Change (p) | ES (95% CI) | T p (ηp2) | TG p (ηp2) | G p (ηp2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Speed 20 m (s) | Men | 3.333 ± 0.3 | 3.298 ± 0.3 | −1.04 ± 0.87% (0.006) # | −0.12 (−1.36, 1.12) | <0.001 † (0.512) | 0.807 (0.004) | 0.019 † (0.284) |
Women | 3.67 ± 0.26 | 3.638 ± 0.25 | −0.82 ± 1.02% (0.038) # | −0.13 (−1.43, 1.18) | ||||
p | 0.021 * | 0.018 * | 0.620 | |||||
Acceleration 10 m (s) | Men | 2.161 ± 0.1 | 2.142 ± 0.1 | −0.87 ± 0.73% (0.004) # | −0.19 (−1.43, 1.05) | <0.001 † (0.579) | 0.636 (0.013) | 0.017 † (0.292) |
Women | 2.3 ± 0.12 | 2.284 ± 0.12 | −0.66 ± 0.64% (0.015) # | −0.13 (−1.44, 1.18) | ||||
p | 0.019 * | 0.015 * | 0.518 | |||||
Explosiveness 5 m (s) | Men | 1.387 ± 0.03 | 1.373 ± 0.03 | −1 ± 0.78% (0.003) # | −0.47 (−1.72, 0.79) | <0.001 † (0.692) | 0.487 (0.029) | 0.021 † (0.276) |
Women | 1.452 ± 0.07 | 1.441 ± 0.07 | −0.76 ± 0.42% (<0.001) # | −0.16 (−1.47, 1.15) | ||||
p | 0.024 * | 0.018 * | 0.443 | |||||
Vertical Jumping Ability (cm) | Men | 42.43 ± 6.27 | 45.85 ± 5.04 | 8.72 ± 5.9% (<0.001) # | 0.6 (−0.67, 1.87) | <0.001 † (0.772) | 0.147 (0.120) | <0.001 † (0.482) |
Women | 34.59 ± 3.26 | 36.87 ± 3.04 | 6.75 ± 4.3% (<0.001) # | 0.72 (−0.63, 2.07) | ||||
p | 0.004 * | <0.001 * | 0.442 |
Before | After | Percentage Change (p) | ES (95% CI) | T p (ηp2) | TG p (ηp2) | G p (ηp2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK (U/L) | Men | 123.7 ± 40.02 | 207.5 ± 28.74 | 77.28 ± 42.5% (<0.001) # | 2.4 (0.78, 4.03) | <0.001 † (0.686) | 0.948 (0.000) | 0.007 † (0.357) |
Women | 77.11 ± 10.86 | 159.11 ± 75.43 | 112.82 ± 126.94% (0.013) # | 1.52 (0.04, 3) | ||||
p | 0.004 * | 0.076 | 0.414 | |||||
LDH (U/L) | Men | 165.6 ± 33.54 | 260.1 ± 41.5 | 62.23 ± 39.18% (<0.001) # | 2.5 (0.85, 4.16) | <0.001 † (0.688) | 0.039 † (0.228) | 0.002 † (0.456) |
Women | 134.22 ± 27.76 | 178.11 ± 56.07 | 32.67 ± 36.43% (0.020) # | 0.99 (−0.39, 2.37) | ||||
p | 0.041 * | 0.002 * | 0.108 |
Variables r Correlation (p Value) | r Magnitude | |
---|---|---|
Men (n = 10) | Speed (20 m) ↓—Acceleration (10 m) ↓ 0.71 (0.021) | Large |
Women (n = 9) | Weight ↓—Fat % ↓ 0.897 (<0.001) | Large |
CK ↑—LDH ↑ 0.913 (<0.001) | Large | |
Speed (20 m) ↓—Acceleration (10 m) ↓ 0.938 (<0.001) | Large |
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Mexis, D.; Nomikos, T.; Mitsopoulos, N.; Kostopoulos, N. Effect of a 6-Week Preseason Training Protocol on Physiological and Muscle Damage Markers in High-Level Female and Male Basketball Players. Sports 2023, 11, 229. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11110229
Mexis D, Nomikos T, Mitsopoulos N, Kostopoulos N. Effect of a 6-Week Preseason Training Protocol on Physiological and Muscle Damage Markers in High-Level Female and Male Basketball Players. Sports. 2023; 11(11):229. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11110229
Chicago/Turabian StyleMexis, Dimitrios, Tzortzis Nomikos, Nikolaos Mitsopoulos, and Nikolaos Kostopoulos. 2023. "Effect of a 6-Week Preseason Training Protocol on Physiological and Muscle Damage Markers in High-Level Female and Male Basketball Players" Sports 11, no. 11: 229. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11110229