Serum Uric Acid but Not Ferritin Level Is Associated with Hepatic Fibrosis in Lean Subjects with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Community-Based Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. The Definition of Lean MAFLD, Lean Health
2.3. Physical Examination and Biochemical Measurements
2.4. Metabolic Syndrome
2.5. IR
2.6. Fatty Liver Iindex (FLI)
2.7. Ultrasonography
2.8. Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4)
2.9. AST to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI)
2.10. NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS)
2.11. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Differences in Laboratory Tests between Two Lean Subjects
3.3. Correlations of Hepatic Fibrosis
3.4. Associated Factors for Liver Fibrosis and Steatosis
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total (n = 182) | |||
---|---|---|---|
Variables | Lean MAFLD (n = 49) | Healthy Control (n = 133) | p Value |
Demographics | |||
Male (n, %) | 9 (18.4%) | 25 (18.8%) | 0.947 |
Age (years) | 64.41 ± 9.29 | 51.06 ± 14.90 | <0.001 |
Hypertension (n, %) | 28 (57.1%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 10 (20.4%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
Metabolic syndrome (n, %) | 15 (30.6%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
Hyperuricemia (n, %) | 7 (14.3%) | 2 (1.5%) | <0.001 |
Hyperferritinemia (n, %) | 26 (53.1%) | 33 (24.8%) | <0.001 |
Hepatic steatosis | |||
Hepatitis steatosis (n, %) | 49 (100%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
Mild | 34 (69.4%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
Moderate | 15 (30.6%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
Severe | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
Fatty liver index | 17.46 ± 17.17 | 5.24 ± 4.17 | <0.001 |
Body measurement | |||
Height (cm) | 154.95 ± 6.57 | 157.68 ± 7.71 | 0.029 |
Weight (kg) | 51.60 ± 4.68 | 50.86 ± 6.71 | 0.230 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 21.47 ± 1.12 | 20.41 ± 1.71 | <0.001 |
Metabolic abnormality | |||
Waist circumference (cm) | 75.48 ± 5.73 | 70.21 ± 6.27 | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131.16 ± 14.83 | 114.00 ± 10.17 | <0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure(mmHg) | 77.12 ± 9.51 | 69.20 ± 7.25 | <0.001 |
Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 190.7 ± 39.14 | 195.79 ± 31.98 | 0.377 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 140.02 ± 92.37 | 86.76 ± 54.02 | <0.001 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 122.49 ± 8.03 | 123.17 ± 32.42 | 0.786 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 60.90 ± 21.40 | 70.14 ± 15.37 | <0.001 |
Glucose AC (mg/dL) | 106.96 ± 21.17 | 90.19 ± 7.07 | <0.001 |
Insulin (μU/mL) | 12.49 ± 15.93 | 5.88 ± 2.74 | <0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 6.06 ± 0.54 | 5.46 ± 0.30 | <0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 3.86 ± 7.98 | 1.32 ± 0.64 | <0.001 |
Liver bioenzyme | |||
AST (U/L) | 34.92 ± 64.12 | 21.45 ± 8.96 | 0.003 |
ALT (U/L) | 29.14 ± 23.61 | 22.06 ± 11.72 | 0.015 |
ALP (U/L) | 80.57 ± 21.12 | 68.05 ± 19.99 | 0.001 |
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.61 ± 0.36 | 0.69 ± 0.34 | 0.014 |
γ-GT (U/L) | 48.29 ± 110.90 | 18.63 ± 26.76 | <0.001 |
Inflammatory marker | |||
WBC (103/uL) | 5.87 ± 2.08 | 5.62 ± 1.94 | 0.611 |
Uric Acid (mg/dL) | 5.40 ± 1.73 | 4.54 ± 1.05 | 0.001 |
Ferritin (ng/mL) | 262.83 ± 442.30 | 143.68 ± 145.46 | 0.001 |
HS-CRP (mg/L) | 4.35 ± 6.30 | 0.87 ± 0.76 | <0.001 |
Hepatic fibrosis scores | |||
FIB-4 score | 1.87 ± 2.85 | 1.03 ± 0.88 | <0.001 |
NFS | −2.31 ± 1.65 | −3.43 ± 1.30 | <0.001 |
APRI score | 0.43 ± 1.04 | 0.22 ± 0.15 | 0.002 |
Ferritin | Uric Acid | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Pearson Coefficient | p Value | Pearson Coefficient | p Value |
Waist circumference (cm) | 0.257 | 0.075 | 0.193 | 0.184 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.130 | 0.372 | 0.218 | 0.132 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.061 | 0.677 | −0.008 | 0.955 |
HbA1c (%) | −0.191 | 0.189 | −0.150 | 0.304 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 0.155 | 0.287 | 0.173 | 0.233 |
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 0.131 | 0.368 | 0.077 | 0.600 |
WBC (103/μL) | 0.006 | 0.966 | 0.140 | 0.337 |
HS-CRP (mg/L) | 0.032 | 0.846 | 0.009 | 0.958 |
ALT (U/L) | 0.664 | <0.001 | 0.329 | 0.021 |
HOMA-IR | −0.072 | 0.622 | −0.165 | 0.257 |
FIB−4 score | 0.907 | <0.001 | 0.635 | <0.001 |
NFS | 0.462 | 0.001 | 0.565 | <0.001 |
APRI score | 0.945 | <0.001 | 0.567 | <0.001 |
Variables | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR(95 CI%) | p Value | OR(95 CI%) | p Value | |
Age (years) | 1.199 (1.040–1.383) | 0.012 | 1.184 (0.929–1.508) | 0.172 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1.075 (0.981–1.179) | 0.122 | ||
HbA1c (%) | 0.153 (0.006–4.190) | 0.266 | ||
HOMA-IR | 0.683 (0.266–1.753) | 0.428 | ||
Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 1.001 (0.990–1.011) | 0.892 | ||
ALT (U/L) | 1.025 (0.995–1.055) | 0.103 | ||
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 1.363 (0.661–2.811) | 0.402 | ||
Uric acid(mg/dL) | 6.332 (1.288–31.134) | 0.023 | 6.907 (1.111–42.94) | 0.038 |
Ferritin (ng/mL) | 1.002 (0.998–1.006) | 0.261 | ||
ALP (U/L) | 1.024 (0.978–1.072) | 0.309 | ||
HS-CRP (mg/L) | 0.990 (0.832–1.179) | 0.913 |
Variables | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis * | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR(95 CI%) | p Value | OR (95 CI%) | p Value | |
Age (years) | 1.052 (0.983–1.126) | 0.143 | ||
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 0.977 (0.938–1.018) | 0.267 | ||
HbA1c (%) | 2.548 (0.821–7.909) | 0.106 | ||
HOMA-IR | 1.757 (1.091–2.829) | 0.020 | 1.445 (0.764–2.734) | 0.258 |
Triglyceride(mg/dL) | 1.031 (1.014–1.049) | <0.001 | 1.054 (1.013–1.096) | 0.009 |
HDL(mg/dL) | 0.982 (0.952–1.012) | 0.237 | ||
Uric Acid(mg/dL) | 1.743 (1.107–2.744) | 0.016 | 1.086 (0.375–3.143) | 0.878 |
Ferritin | 1.006 (1.000–1.011) | 0.036 | 1.010 (0.996–1.024) | 0.166 |
HS-CRP (mg/L) | 1.027 (0.929–1.136) | 0.597 |
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Xie, C.-H.; Chen, L.-W.; Lin, C.-L.; Hu, C.-C.; Chien, C.-H. Serum Uric Acid but Not Ferritin Level Is Associated with Hepatic Fibrosis in Lean Subjects with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Community-Based Study. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 2009. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12122009
Xie C-H, Chen L-W, Lin C-L, Hu C-C, Chien C-H. Serum Uric Acid but Not Ferritin Level Is Associated with Hepatic Fibrosis in Lean Subjects with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Community-Based Study. Journal of Personalized Medicine. 2022; 12(12):2009. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12122009
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Cheng-Han, Li-Wei Chen, Chih-Lang Lin, Ching-Chih Hu, and Cheng-Hung Chien. 2022. "Serum Uric Acid but Not Ferritin Level Is Associated with Hepatic Fibrosis in Lean Subjects with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Community-Based Study" Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 12: 2009. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12122009