Molecular Method Is Essential to Identify Asymptomatic Malaria Reservoirs: A Successful Experience in the Malaria Elimination Program in Iran
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Malaria Diagnosis Techniques:
2.3.1. Microscopic Analysis
2.3.2. Rapid Diagnostic Procedures (RDTs)
2.3.3. Molecular Technique (Nested PCR)
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Category | No. (n = 816) | Percent |
---|---|---|---|
Age Group | <15 years | 175 | 21.4% |
15–30 years | 398 | 48.8% | |
30–45 years | 146 | 17.9% | |
>45 years | 97 | 11.9% | |
Gender | Female | 346 | 42.4% |
Male | 470 | 57.6% | |
Location | Bandar Abbas | 330 | 40.4% |
Bashagard | 230 | 6.9% | |
Minab | 200 | 24.5% | |
Jask | 56 | 28.2% | |
Residency | Local residents | 430 | 52.7% |
Immigrants | 386 | 47.3% |
Sampling Location | No. of Positive Cases by Methods | Total Surveyed Cases | Percent of Positivity with PCR | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCR | Microscopic | RDT | |||
Bashagard | 1 | 0 | 0 | 230 | 0.43% |
Minab | 3 | 0 | 0 | 200 | 1.5% |
Total | 4 | 0 | 0 | 430 | 0.93% |
Sampling Location | No. of Positive Cases by Methods | Total Surveyed Cases | Percent of Positivity with PCR | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PCR | Microscopic | RDT | |||
Bandar Abbas | 5 | 0 | 0 | 330 | 1.52% |
Jask | 3 | 0 | 0 | 56 | 5.36% |
Total | 8 | 0 | 0 | 386 | 2.07% |
Variable | Category | Total Number | No. of Positive Cases | Percent of Positive Cases |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age Group | <15 years | 175 | 1 | 0.57% |
15–30 years | 398 | 5 | 1.26% | |
31–45 years | 146 | 6 | 4.11% | |
>45 years | 97 | 0 | 0% | |
Gender | Female | 346 | 4 | 1.16% |
Male | 470 | 8 | 1.70% |
Location | Residency | No. of Positive Cases | Percent of Positive Cases | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P.v | P.f | P.v | P.f | ||
Bandar Abbas | Immigrants | 4 | 1 | 1.21% | 0.3% |
Jask | Immigrants | 2 | 1 | 3.57% | 1.79% |
Bashagard | Local | 1 | 0 | 0.43% | 0% |
Minab | Local | 3 | 0 | 1.5% | 0% |
Sampling areas | Immigrants | 6 | 2 | 2.07% | 0.52% |
Local | 4 | 0 | 0.93% | 0% | |
Total | 10 | 2 | 1.23% | 0.25% |
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Shamseddin, J.; Ghanbarnejad, A.; Zakeri, A.; Abedi, F.; Khojasteh, S.; Turki, H. Molecular Method Is Essential to Identify Asymptomatic Malaria Reservoirs: A Successful Experience in the Malaria Elimination Program in Iran. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 3025. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123025
Shamseddin J, Ghanbarnejad A, Zakeri A, Abedi F, Khojasteh S, Turki H. Molecular Method Is Essential to Identify Asymptomatic Malaria Reservoirs: A Successful Experience in the Malaria Elimination Program in Iran. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(12):3025. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123025
Chicago/Turabian StyleShamseddin, Jebreil, Amin Ghanbarnejad, Abdoljabbar Zakeri, Farshid Abedi, Shaghayegh Khojasteh, and Habibollah Turki. 2022. "Molecular Method Is Essential to Identify Asymptomatic Malaria Reservoirs: A Successful Experience in the Malaria Elimination Program in Iran" Diagnostics 12, no. 12: 3025. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12123025