Intraoperative Assessment of High-Risk Thyroid Nodules Based on Electrical Impedance Measurements: A Feasibility Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. TN-IMS Measurement System and Mechanism
2.2. TN-IMS Measurement Protocol
2.3. Statistical Analysis
2.4. Ethics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Category | Abundance |
---|---|---|
Age (years) | >40 | 31 (56%) |
≤40 | 24 (44%) | |
Sex | Female | 47 (85%) |
Male | 8 (15%) | |
Nodule Size | <1 cm | 28 (36%) |
Between 1 and 3 cm | 34 (44%) | |
>3 cm | 16 (20%) | |
TI-RADS | 2 | 2 (2%) |
3 | 20 (19.3%) | |
4 | 25 (24.3%) | |
5 | 24 (23%) | |
Not detected | 7 (7%) | |
No nodule | 25 (24.3%) | |
Bethesda | I, II, III | 18 (17.5%) |
IV | 4 (3.8%) | |
V | 21 (20.4%) | |
VI | 21 (20.4%) | |
No FNA reports | 14 (13.6%) | |
Normal thyroid tissue | 25 (24.3%) | |
Pathological Type | PTC | 42 (40.7%) |
Micro-PTC | 18 (17.5%) | |
HCC | 3 (3%) | |
HCN | 1 (0.9%) | |
HT | 3 (3%) | |
MNG | 11 (10.7%) | |
Normal tissue | 25 (24.3%) |
Permanent Pathological Evaluation | TN-IMS Score | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TP | TN | FP | FN | ||||
Nodules with intraoperative frozen pathology | Positive | PTC | 2 | 3 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
micro-PTC | 3 | 3 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
HCC | 2 | 2 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Negative | HT | 1 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | |
Bethesda II (Benign Follicular nodules) | Positive | PTC | 2 | 2 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Negative | MNG | 2 | 0 | 1 (50%) | 1 (50%) | 0 | |
HT | 1 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | ||
Bethesda III (AUS/FLUS) | Positive | HCN | 1 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
HCC | 2 | 2 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
PTC | 2 | 2 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
micro-PTC | 1 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Negative | MNG | 1 | 0 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | |
HT | 2 | 0 | 2 (100%) | 0 | 0 | ||
Bethesda IV (Suspicious for follicular neoplasm) | Positive | PTC | 2 | 2 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
micro-PTC | 2 | 2 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Nodules with micro-PTC post-surgical evaluations | Detected as a nodule in radiological evaluations | 12 | 12 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Detected as a nodule in surgical evaluations | 5 | 5 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Only detected in permanent pathology | 1 | 1 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Nodules with TI-RADS3 score in presurgical evaluations | Positive | PTC | 9 | 9 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
micro-PTC | 2 | 2 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
HCC | 2 | 2 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Negative | - | 7 | 0 | 5 (71%) | 2 (29%) | 0 | |
Follicular variant of PTC in post-surgical evaluations | 11 | 11 (100%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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Beheshti Firoozabadi, J.; Mahdavi, R.; Shamsi, K.; Ataee, H.; Shafiee, A.; Ebrahiminik, H.; Chegini, H.; Hoseinpour, P.; Moradi, A.; Yousefpour, N.; et al. Intraoperative Assessment of High-Risk Thyroid Nodules Based on Electrical Impedance Measurements: A Feasibility Study. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 2950. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12122950
Beheshti Firoozabadi J, Mahdavi R, Shamsi K, Ataee H, Shafiee A, Ebrahiminik H, Chegini H, Hoseinpour P, Moradi A, Yousefpour N, et al. Intraoperative Assessment of High-Risk Thyroid Nodules Based on Electrical Impedance Measurements: A Feasibility Study. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(12):2950. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12122950
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeheshti Firoozabadi, Jalil, Reihane Mahdavi, Khosro Shamsi, Hossein Ataee, Abdollah Shafiee, Hojat Ebrahiminik, Hossein Chegini, Parisa Hoseinpour, Afshin Moradi, Narges Yousefpour, and et al. 2022. "Intraoperative Assessment of High-Risk Thyroid Nodules Based on Electrical Impedance Measurements: A Feasibility Study" Diagnostics 12, no. 12: 2950. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12122950