Study of the Bacterial, Fungal, and Archaeal Communities Structures near the Bulgarian Antarctic Research Base “St. Kliment Ohridski” on Livingston Island, Antarctica
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling Sites
2.2. DNA Extraction
2.3. Amplicon-Based Metagenomic Sequencing
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sequencing Quality and ASV Counts
3.2. Taxonomic Annotation
3.3. Alpha Diversity Analysis
3.4. Beta Diversity Analysis
4. Discussion
4.1. General Sequencing Statistics Analyses and Observations
4.2. Community Composition of Microbial Surface Mats on Submerged Rocks
4.3. Community Composition of a Microbial Surface Mat from an Epilithic Sample within the Research Base
4.4. Community Composition of the Littoral Zone Sediment from Tarn Todorina Buza
4.5. Community Composition of the Soil Sample underneath a Patch of Vegetation near the Nameless Lake
4.6. Community Composition of a Microbial Mat from the Surface of an Algae
4.7. Community Composition of Lithotelm Biomass from Hannah Pt
4.8. Saltwater Community Composition
4.9. Freshwater Community Composition
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Environment | Description | Coordinates |
---|---|---|---|
Solid samples (S) | |||
S02 | Fresh water lagoon | Submerged rock, microbial mat | −62.641324, −60.368854 |
S09, S10, S11, S21, S23 | Meltwater ponds | Submerged rocks, microbial mats | −62.641450, −60.356733 |
S07, S19 | Sea Lion Tarn | Submerged rocks, microbial mats | −62.647727, −60.353677 |
S17 | Meltwater current inside the base | Submerged rock, microbial mat | −62.641241, −60.361171 |
S20 | Sea Lion Tarn | Macroalgae surface, microbial mat | −62.647727, −60.353677 |
S13 | Lithotelm in Hannah Point | Sludge biomass | −62.653262, −60.607902 |
S22 | Unnamed freshwater lake | Submerged rock, sludge biomass | −62.640819, −60.350725 |
S12 | Patch of vegetation near the nameless lake | Soil | −62.640819, −60.350725 |
S18 | Sea Lion Tarn | Sediment | −62.647727, −60.353677 |
Water samples (W) | |||
W01 | Fresh water lagoon | Freshwater | −62.641324, −60.368854 |
W02 | Sea Lion Tarn | Freshwater | −62.647727, −60.353677 |
W05 | Pelagic zone of Johnson Dock | Marine water | −62.659572, −60.370434 |
W06 | Littoral zone of South Bay | Marine water | −62.638681, −60.367835 |
Sample ID | Richness Index | Shannon Index | Simpson Index | Chao1 Index | ACE Index | Good’s Coverage | Faith PD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S02 | 1065 | 7.470 | 0.969 | 1070.884 | 1071.221 | 1.000 | 74.103 |
S07 | 760 | 6.665 | 0.939 | 762.935 | 763.534 | 1.000 | 62.509 |
S09 | 445 | 3.035 | 0.543 | 446.375 | 448.276 | 1.000 | 49.169 |
S10 | 513 | 5.207 | 0.871 | 515.619 | 515.698 | 1.000 | 47.562 |
S11 | 405 | 5.910 | 0.929 | 405.875 | 407.058 | 1.000 | 47.661 |
S12 | 1592 | 8.487 | 0.985 | 1595.281 | 1596.486 | 1.000 | 89.834 |
S13 | 906 | 7.760 | 0.987 | 907.324 | 908.300 | 1.000 | 52.236 |
S17 | 169 | 5.784 | 0.954 | 169.667 | 170.608 | 0.999 | 28.950 |
S18 | 694 | 7.762 | 0.988 | 697.889 | 697.478 | 1.000 | 52.832 |
S19 | 646 | 5.880 | 0.948 | 647.774 | 648.614 | 1.000 | 46.071 |
S20 | 422 | 5.601 | 0.893 | 424.294 | 425.636 | 0.999 | 45.472 |
S21 | 307 | 2.180 | 0.390 | 307.036 | 307.468 | 1.000 | 39.399 |
S22 | 562 | 6.201 | 0.960 | 562.294 | 563.108 | 1.000 | 64.900 |
S23 | 487 | 4.010 | 0.776 | 491.138 | 491.869 | 1.000 | 49.020 |
W01 | 772 | 7.122 | 0.976 | 776.636 | 777.081 | 1.000 | 56.188 |
W02 | 1006 | 6.462 | 0.945 | 1009.288 | 1010.519 | 1.000 | 65.424 |
W05 | 531 | 5.460 | 0.942 | 533.528 | 535.345 | 1.000 | 41.971 |
W06 | 948 | 7.551 | 0.982 | 961.892 | 963.056 | 0.999 | 68.004 |
Sample ID | Richness Index | Simpson Index | Shannon Index | Chao1 Index | ACE Index | Good’s Coverage | Faith PD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S02 | 397 | 5.219 | 0.912 | 397.000 | 397.269 | 1.000 | 59.609 |
S07 | 301 | 4.147 | 0.834 | 301.000 | 301.255 | 1.000 | 46.483 |
S09 | 343 | 5.214 | 0.935 | 343.000 | 343.000 | 1.000 | 54.016 |
S10 | 278 | 3.756 | 0.813 | 278.000 | 278.000 | 1.000 | 47.546 |
S11 | 293 | 4.616 | 0.899 | 293.000 | 293.000 | 1.000 | 49.715 |
S12 | 450 | 5.283 | 0.923 | 450.000 | 450.297 | 1.000 | 73.568 |
S13 | 257 | 3.688 | 0.842 | 257.000 | 257.000 | 1.000 | 47.903 |
S17 | 387 | 3.449 | 0.718 | 388.950 | 391.773 | 1.000 | 72.876 |
S18 | 300 | 3.912 | 0.857 | 300.000 | 300.000 | 1.000 | 50.124 |
S19 | 488 | 4.591 | 0.869 | 488.006 | 488.922 | 1.000 | 98.081 |
S20 | 302 | 3.844 | 0.825 | 302.000 | 302.255 | 1.000 | 49.148 |
S21 | 240 | 2.833 | 0.643 | 240.120 | 240.865 | 1.000 | 65.513 |
S22 | 157 | 3.607 | 0.733 | 157.000 | 157.000 | 1.000 | 30.662 |
S23 | 399 | 4.730 | 0.887 | 399.000 | 399.268 | 1.000 | 98.842 |
W01 | 545 | 6.623 | 0.971 | 545.118 | 546.274 | 1.000 | 79.676 |
W02 | 497 | 5.043 | 0.878 | 497.000 | 497.000 | 1.000 | 74.793 |
W05 | 314 | 4.546 | 0.899 | 314.000 | 314.000 | 1.000 | 59.378 |
W06 | 191 | 2.604 | 0.609 | 191.000 | 191.000 | 1.000 | 36.959 |
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Doytchinov, V.V.; Peykov, S.; Dimov, S.G. Study of the Bacterial, Fungal, and Archaeal Communities Structures near the Bulgarian Antarctic Research Base “St. Kliment Ohridski” on Livingston Island, Antarctica. Life 2024, 14, 278. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14020278
Doytchinov VV, Peykov S, Dimov SG. Study of the Bacterial, Fungal, and Archaeal Communities Structures near the Bulgarian Antarctic Research Base “St. Kliment Ohridski” on Livingston Island, Antarctica. Life. 2024; 14(2):278. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14020278
Chicago/Turabian StyleDoytchinov, Vesselin V., Slavil Peykov, and Svetoslav G. Dimov. 2024. "Study of the Bacterial, Fungal, and Archaeal Communities Structures near the Bulgarian Antarctic Research Base “St. Kliment Ohridski” on Livingston Island, Antarctica" Life 14, no. 2: 278. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14020278