The Application Domain Extension (ADE) 4D Cadastral Data Model and Its Application in Turkey

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

The paper describes the use of ADE for the 4D cadastral data model. A good paper and contains minimal language error. I would like to suggest that the word "Innovative" for the title could be deleted and just "The ADE 4D cadastral data model and its application in Turkey" sufficient. 

Line 156: "The authors develop ... " edit to "The authors developed" ... this is past project/paper.

Caption for Figure 1 "Show" edit to "Shows" or Illustrates also fine. 

The rest of the contents look fine and no critical mistakes.

 

Author Response

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Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 2 Report

Ms. Ref. No.: land-1685100 Title: The Innovative ADE 4D Cadastral Data Model and its application in Turkey   Overview and general recommendation:    The manuscript addresses the tridimensional cadastral of buildings in Turkey. The paper is well written, detailed, scientifically sound, and relevant to the journal audience. The contribution will push forward the implementation of these systems, particularly in Turkey. Nonetheless, I have the following minor suggestions:   1. First, avoid using abbreviations in the title. 2. Minimize the use of lump-sum citations. 3. In the abstract, in lines 22 and 25, the terms former and latter are better replaced by first and second. 4. In figure 1, the axes do not match the isometric projection of the building. 5. Figure 2 has a too tiny font.

Author Response

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Reviewer 3 Report

Thank you to the authors for presenting an interesting paper. While there seems to be a significant quantity of work done - and a good level of technical soundness the paper is not presented as a research paper.

I full agree with the principles described the use of open source, use of CityGML and integrating with existing toolchain. However, I think the paper should be re-structured based on the following comments:

-What is the research problem you are trying to solve - please articulate this clearly in the introduction

-Present a methodology as to how you are answering the problem

-Clearly articulate how this paper moved beyond the state of the art

-Match the remaining structure of the paper to the methodology 

-Recap the aim/objective in the conclusion.

 

Author Response

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Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 4 Report

The paper describes a very interesting research concerning creation of multidimensional cadastre model for Turkey. To build that model, the authors applied standards concerning geographical information, computer languages, databases and visualisation software. That makes this research very valuable.  However, the paper have some flows (described below).

In my opinion the model described in the paper cannot be called 4D cadastral data model. Providing time stamps like start time, delete time, tmin or tmax does not make this model fully ‘4D’. From the paper we cannot reason that it is possible to present the state of the object on any chosen time stamp. I suggest substituting ‘4D’ by ‘3D’ or ‘3D+time’ in the title or to explain the use of ‘4D’  more precisely both in the main text, as well as in the conclusions.

I wonder if the model presented in the figure 4 is created properly. Despite connecting with the generalisation link the subclasses have the attributes they should inherit from superclass. For example, classes  ‘TR_BuildingUsePart’ and ‘TR_Anne’x  and attribute ‘AnnexId’. Many other similar issues appear in the model presented in the figure 4. I believe this issue requires thorough explanation.

Some minor/editorial issues are as follows:

45 – I think ‘notaries’ instead of ‘noters’

117-119 – ‘In addition …’ – sentence not clear

193 -  Title of the figure 1 should be corrected.  In my opinion there is no basis to use ‘+Time’ in the figure.

210 – I think ‘delete’ instead of ‘delate’

214 – figure 2; ‘representation’ instead of ‘repserentation’.

234, 235 – ‘real personality’. Is that ‘natural person’ ?

260 – ‘subdivision, amalgamation and land subdivision’ – if there are differences between ‘subdivision’ and ‘land subdivision than they should be explained. Please consider ‘consolidation’ instead of ‘amalgamation’.

279  - ‘title deed’ – I suggest choosing one of the following ‘title’, ‘deed’ or ‘title or/and deed’

289 – I suggest ‘subpackage’ instead of ‘sub_package’

291 – I suggest ‘boundary/boundaries’ instead of ‘border/borders’

304 – instead of ‘Deleted date’ I suggest ‘date of delete/deletion’

Author Response

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Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Round 2

Reviewer 3 Report

Thanks to the authors they have rectified many isuses in the paper. I do have some minor points to raise still on aspects of presentation.

(1) the authors mention in their reviewer response to key innovation is use of open source - I agree - but this is not mentioned in the paper. Can the authors add a statement to this effect to the introduction and also mention in the conclusion

(2) I suggest keeping the related work in a seperate section to the methodology

(3) the methodology while a good addition could be structured more clearly - can you seperate into logical steps (perhaps using a list) and then link these to the remaining sections of the paper.

Author Response

Respond to Reviewer

Thank you very much for your contributions. Those written in black are the comments of the reviewers. The ones written in red are the author's answers.

Reviewer:

Thanks to the authors they have rectified many isuses in the paper. I do have some minor points to raise still on aspects of presentation.

(1) the authors mention in their reviewer response to key innovation is use of open source - I agree - but this is not mentioned in the paper. Can the authors add a statement to this effect to the introduction and also mention in the conclusion

(2) I suggest keeping the related work in a seperate section to the methodology

(3) the methodology while a good addition could be structured more clearly - can you seperate into logical steps (perhaps using a list) and then link these to the remaining sections of the paper.

Respond the first point (1):

The following statements that written in red have been added to the introduction final part to emphasize the originality of the work on your recommendation.

“The primary motivation for this research is to introduce an open-source 4D (3D + t) database, which is integrated with LADM and CityGML model compliant, and to analyses in visualisation platform like a CesiumJS for the existing cadastral system in Turkey. In response to the need for redevelopment and alignment of international and national standards, the current paper addresses the full 4D cadastral model represented cadastral objects legally and physically for the Turkish cadastral system using accepted standards by ISO and OGC. In this context, the study investigates the necessity of modelling and managing the cadastral objects in the current system by representing the legal and physical aspects in the most compatible way. It is intended to bridge that gap by giving an overview of associations with the conceptual and logical data model by introducing the developed integrated model and storage in an open-source 4D database into the transactions with modelling cadastral objects (parcel, building, and independent section) and their interests (RRR). The originality of the study is the use of open-source software and platforms, and the novelty of the database allows associating LADM classes with CityGML classes by creating a new class, not as an attribute. Thus, the study provides a guideline for both institutions in Turkey and researchers working on this subject by considering all process steps such as model development, database management, and visualization.”

The conclusion section is organized as follows:

“This study proposes a general framework for how the time information can be applied in the model, which is created by integrating cadastral information with LADM on legal objects and CityGML on physical objects. The main requirements for creating a 4D cadastral model for Turkey are presented with legal and physical perspectives from existing cadastral objects. The study was tested using actual data in a case study. Thus, cadastral data modelling, managing and serving stages have been examined one by one within the scope of the research and are like a handbook that has been created for different users. The difference between our study from other studies in this field is that all the processing steps (analysis, modelling, storage, data conversion and service, visualization) performed for 3D cadastre studies are explained, and open-source software was used within the scope of the application. Moreover, It is a problem for databases developed outside of 3DCityDB to transfer CityGML data to the database by matching with LADM due to the lack of an import/export tool. This deficiency has been eliminated by writing a SQL code that matches LADM and CityGML data classes and transfers it to the database. The created ADE model is designed to allow temporal queries. However, temporal queries are not seen since the query panel is not created on the Cesium platform. Our previous study [20]  has detailed information about the temporal queries made from the database for the same data model. The temporal expressions in the data model and the associations between the classes allow querying the data in specific periods. Since the data model developed in the study mentioned above was tested for temporal inquiries, it is thought that temporal attributes and associations are sufficient to represent the existing cadastral system with 4D. However, an additional panel must be created for temporal queries on the Cesium platform. “

Respond the second point (2):

I have removed the related works from section 2. I added this part to the last part of section 3.

Respond the third point (3):

I rearranged the methodology part and structured it as follows. All steps are associated with the rest of the paper.

“This paper has researched legal and physical data modelling and presentation for the 4D (3D+t) cadastral transition. The study consists of three main parts: Data modelling, data management, and visualization.

• For the first part of the study, LADM - CityGML integrated data model was chosen as the method. LADM is the best and most widely used ISO data standard for modelling legal data. In addition, another important reason for choosing LADM is that LADM enables the creation of a common ontology in the international platform due to its widespread use. Although CityGML was chosen especially for representing the physical side, different standards such as IFC, IndoorGML, LandXML, and GeoJSON are also available. However, CityGML is the most widely used data standard in collecting 3D data in all public institutions in Turkey. In this case, it is thought that both data collection and sharing will be easier. Details on the development of the model are described in section 3.
• The basic principle of the second step in the study is the use of open-source software and platforms in managing and visualizing data. Therefore, PostgreSQL, both widely used and with high processing capacity and an open-source database management system, was chosen for data management. The disadvantage of the integrated data model chosen for the study is that the integration of CityGML with LADM is not very practical and takes time due to its very comprehensive and complex data structure. In addition, there are still problems in transferring the model to the database since the normalization principles of the developed conceptual data model do not fully comply with the database principles. This study ensured that this limitation was eliminated by normalizing the conceptual model and applying it to the database. Section 4 contains the necessary explanations for the second step.
• The final step in the study is visualization. An open-source platform, CesiumJS, was used for the visualization process. Thanks to the visualization, the testability of the model becomes easier. Section 4 also explains the details of the visualization process.

 

The 4D cadastre, developed with all the processing steps, answers how the Turkish cadastral system should be modelled using international standards within the scope of the 4D cadastre, data management and visualization.