Experimental Study of Flow Kinematics and Impacting Pressures on a Suspended Horizontal Plate by Extreme Waves
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Methodology
2.1. Experimental Apparatus and Model Structure
2.2. Wave Generation
2.3. Velocity Measurement
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Evolution of Flow Structures
3.2. Characteristics of Flow Velocity Fields
3.3. Wave Impact Pressure
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- Multiple flow types are involved in wave and plate slamming processes: water tongue generation and turnover, wave breakup into independent droplets, water jet phenomenon, water extrusion, water collision, and water–structure separation. For aerated areas, there are significant differences in flow under different operating conditions, while for non-aerated areas, the flow exhibits obvious similarity.
- (2)
- The velocity of the flow is mainly dominated by horizontal velocity. The flow velocity in the aerated area is much higher than that in the non-aerated area. The flow velocity distribution in the aeration area is more discrete. The initial aeration rate before the wave and structural contact also leads to different aeration amounts during the flow process. The maximum speed occurs within a time range of 0.5 to 1 s. Across different cases, the rate of velocity decrease is consistent.
- (3)
- The effect of aeration on slamming is more significant in the broken wave case, causing a significant reduction in slamming peak, owing to the stronger energy dissipation during the wave-breaking process and more pronounced air cushion during the slamming process. The maximum slamming peak of the unbreaking case is 3.8 kPa, which is 0.41 times larger than that of the incipient-breaking case and 1.12 times larger than that of the broken case, appearing on the upper surface of the plate. For the area below the plate, the slamming force and flow evolution under different types of breaking exhibit similarity.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case | Sp | f | T | C0 | Focal Time | Plate Location | Focal Location | Plunging Phases |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | 4.2 | 0.4~1.8 Hz | 1.5 s | 1.56 m/s | 20 s | 9.2 m | 9.4 m | Unbreaking |
B | 9.2 m | Incipient breaking | ||||||
C | 9.0 m | Broken wave |
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Kong, W.; Yang, J.; Niu, X.; Wen, L.; Li, H.; Ma, Y.; Chen, S. Experimental Study of Flow Kinematics and Impacting Pressures on a Suspended Horizontal Plate by Extreme Waves. Water 2023, 15, 2771. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152771
Kong W, Yang J, Niu X, Wen L, Li H, Ma Y, Chen S. Experimental Study of Flow Kinematics and Impacting Pressures on a Suspended Horizontal Plate by Extreme Waves. Water. 2023; 15(15):2771. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152771
Chicago/Turabian StyleKong, Weizhen, Jun Yang, Xuyang Niu, Liangjun Wen, Haitao Li, Yuxiang Ma, and Shuai Chen. 2023. "Experimental Study of Flow Kinematics and Impacting Pressures on a Suspended Horizontal Plate by Extreme Waves" Water 15, no. 15: 2771. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152771