Stem Cells: Current Status and Therapeutic Implications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Key Features of Normal and Cancer Stem Cells
3. Identification of Cancer Stem Cells
4. Immunological Characteristics of Cancer Stem Cells
5. Cancer Stem Cell’s Niche
6. Metastatic Cancer Stem Cells
7. Targeting Cancer Stem Cell
8. Conclusions and Future Directions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Normal Stem Cells (NSCs) | Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) |
---|---|
Tightly regulated self-renewal capacity | Highly dysregulated self-renewal capacity |
Generates normal progeny | Phenotypically diverse progeny |
Normal Karyotype | Abnormal Karyotype |
Relatively long telomeres | Short telomeres |
Oxidative phosphorylation | Glycolysis |
Normal oxygen through blood vessels | Highly resistant to lack of oxygen |
Niche modifies local environment for immune protection of NSCs. | Niche modifies local environment for immune protection of CSCs |
Niche maintains homeostasis | Deregulated niche promotes invasion and metastasis |
Type of Tumor | Cancer Stem Cell Markers |
---|---|
Acute Myeloid Leukemia | CD34+, CD38+ |
Breast | CD44+, CD24−, ALDH1high, CD133+ |
Colorectal | CD133+, CD44+, EpCAMhigh, ALDH1high |
Glioblastoma | CD133+ |
Head and neck | CD44+, CD24+, ALDH1high, CD271 |
Liver | CD44+, CD90+, CD133+, ALDH1high |
Lung | CD44+, CD90+, CD133+, ALDH1high |
Ovarian | CD44+, CD117+, CD133+ |
Skin | CD20+, CD271+ |
Melanoma | CD133+, ABCB5+, ALDH1high |
Pancreatic | CD44+, CD24+, ESA+, CD133+ |
Prostate | CD133+, CD44+, ALDH1high |
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Reddy, K.B. Stem Cells: Current Status and Therapeutic Implications. Genes 2020, 11, 1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111372
Reddy KB. Stem Cells: Current Status and Therapeutic Implications. Genes. 2020; 11(11):1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111372
Chicago/Turabian StyleReddy, Kaladhar B. 2020. "Stem Cells: Current Status and Therapeutic Implications" Genes 11, no. 11: 1372. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes11111372