Shear Performance of Epoxy Joints in a Precast Bridge Deck Considering Constraint Effects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Test
2.1. Specimen Design
2.2. Material Properties
2.2.1. Epoxy
2.2.2. Normal Concrete and Reinforcement
2.3. Specimen Preparation
2.4. Testing Setup
3. Experimental Results and Analysis
3.1. Failure Mode
3.2. Load–Deflection Relationship
4. Finite Element Analysis
4.1. Model Establishment
4.2. Material Models
4.2.1. Normal Concrete
4.2.2. Reinforcement
4.2.3. Cohesive Model
4.3. Model Validation
4.4. Failure Process Analysis
4.5. Simulation Parameter Analysis
4.5.1. Influence of the Constraint Force
4.5.2. Influence of the Depth–Height Ratio
4.5.3. Influence of the Interfacial Defect
5. Conclusions
- The utilization of the single-shear test method in this study has effectively demonstrated the capacity to reflect the shear performance of transverse joints in precast bridge deck panels under short-term loads. Both scenarios involving passive and active restraints yielded excellent shear performance results for the epoxy joints. No emergence of interface cracks within the epoxy joints was detected throughout the loading processes applied to the specimens.
- The shear failure process of the specimens can be divided into three stages: an elastic stage, a cracking stage and a failure stage. A considerable degree of overall integrity was maintained by the specimens during the failure process, made possible by the epoxy joints.
- When the constraint force was increased from 0 MPa to 2 MPa, the ultimate load of the test specimens increased by 110.2%; the vertical displacement increased by 768.4%; and the horizontal separation decreased by 77.0%. Therefore, increasing the constraint force can effectively enhance the shear-bearing capacity of the specimens and reduce the occurrence of horizontal separation, but it will result in increased vertical dislocation at the joint.
- The application of constraint force significantly enhances the shear performance of epoxy joints. Compared with the passive restraint specimens, the active restraint specimens exhibit an improved shear-carrying capacity ranging from 86.1% to 130.6%.
- The shear strength of epoxy joints with a depth–height ratio of 35/110 increased by 4.9% to 10.9% compared with those with ratios of 15/110, 25/110 and 45/110. Moreover, as the interface defects increased from 0% to 70%, the shear-carrying capacity of epoxy joints was reduced by 5.8% to 40%. When the interface defects in the epoxy joints exceeded 30%, the failure mode shifted from shear failure to interface failure.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
List of Symbols | |
Tensile strength of epoxy | |
Compressive strength of epoxy | |
Tensile elastic modulus of epoxy | |
Compressive strength of concrete | |
Tensile elastic modulus of concrete | |
Yield strength of steel | |
Ultimate strength of steel | |
Tensile elastic modulus of steel | |
Ultimate load of each specimen | |
Maximum constraint force at both ends of the precast concrete panel | |
Maximum vertical dislocation value on both sides of the joint | |
Maximum horizontal separation value at the bottom of the joint | |
Cross-sectional area | |
Linear expansion coefficient of the steel | |
Tensile and compressive stress of concrete | |
Tensile and compressive strain of concrete | |
Tensile and compressive damage parameters in the constitutive model | |
Damage factor of concrete in tension and compression | |
Dilation angle | |
Eccentricity | |
Yield stress ratio | |
Constant stress ratio | |
Stress of steel bar | |
Representative value of the yield strength of the steel bar | |
Yield strain of steel bar | |
Slope of the hardening segment of the reinforcement | |
Contact stresses in the normal | |
Contact stresses in the first shear direction | |
Contact stresses in the second shear direction | |
Stiffness in the normal | |
Stiffness in the first shear direction | |
Stiffness in the second shear direction | |
Separations at failure in the normal | |
Separations at failure in the first shear direction | |
Separations at failure in the second shear direction | |
Fracture energy in the normal | |
Fracture energy in the first shear direction | |
Fracture energy in the second shear direction |
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Specimen | Joint Type | Restraint Stress (MPa) | Interface Treatment |
---|---|---|---|
E-J-0 | Epoxy | 0 | Smooth |
E-J-2 | Epoxy | 2 | Smooth |
Material | |||
---|---|---|---|
CFSR-A/B | 38 | 70 | 240 |
Material | (MPa) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C50 | 53.2 | 35.1 | - | - | - |
HRB400 | - | - | 401.3 | 577.1 | 203.7 |
Specimen | Pu (kN) | Yu (kN) | Su (mm) | Zu (mm) | Failure Mode |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
E-J-0 | 220.6 | 129.8 | 0.19 | 13.9 | Shear failure |
E-J-2 | 463.7 | 240.6 | 1.65 | 3.2 | Shear failure |
Dilation Angle | Eccentricity | Yield Stress Ratio | Viscosity Parameter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
30° | 0.1 | 1.16 | 0.6667 | 0.00005 |
Direction | |||
---|---|---|---|
Normal (z) | 2.388 | 199 | 0.0129 |
Tangent (x) | 4.356 | 453.75 | 0.027444 |
Tangent (y) | 4.356 | 453.75 | 0.027444 |
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Zhang, J.; Wang, H.; Yu, Y.; Zheng, K.; Zhou, Z.; Jiang, J. Shear Performance of Epoxy Joints in a Precast Bridge Deck Considering Constraint Effects. Polymers 2023, 15, 3327. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15153327
Zhang J, Wang H, Yu Y, Zheng K, Zhou Z, Jiang J. Shear Performance of Epoxy Joints in a Precast Bridge Deck Considering Constraint Effects. Polymers. 2023; 15(15):3327. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15153327
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Jiangtao, Hongjie Wang, Yanjiang Yu, Kaidi Zheng, Zhixiang Zhou, and Jinlong Jiang. 2023. "Shear Performance of Epoxy Joints in a Precast Bridge Deck Considering Constraint Effects" Polymers 15, no. 15: 3327. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15153327