Mechanical and Moisture Barrier Properties of Epoxy–Nanoclay and Hybrid Epoxy–Nanoclay Glass Fibre Composites: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Epoxy Nanoclay Composites
2.1. Epoxy
2.2. Clays
2.3. Nanoclays
2.4. Processing Methods and Techniques
2.5. Characterization of Epoxy–Clay Nanocomposites
2.6. Water Uptake
2.7. Mechanical Properties
3. Hybrid Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Nanoclay Composites
4. Environmental Impacts of Epoxy–Nanoclay Composites
5. Conclusions and Recommendations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Tensile Strength, MPa (% Change) | Elasticity Modulus, GPa (% Change) | Fracture Strain, % (% Change) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pristine DGEBA | 80 | 2.54 | 6.02 | [29,39] |
Pristine EPON 828RS | 62.5 | 3.03 | 7.8 | [38] |
2% I.30 | 79.3 (−0.9) | 2.85 (+12.2) | 4.8 (−20.3) | [39] |
1% I.30E | 60.6 (−3) | 3.1 (+2.3) | 5.9 (−24.3) | [38] |
3% I.30E | 69.7 (+11.5) | 3.33 (+10.0) | 6.4 (−17.9) | [38] |
2%I.28E | 55.4 (−24.6) | 2.85 (+12.2) | 2.49 (−58.8) | [39] |
3% I.28E | 57.5 (−8.0) | 3.03 (0) | 6.0 (−23.1) | [38] |
2% C10A | 49.8 (−37.5) | 3.09 (+21.6) | 1.83 (−69.6) | [39] |
3% C10A | 44.2 (−13.3) | 3.08 (+1.7) | 3.5 (−55.1) | [38] |
2% C15A | 77.9 (−2.6) | 2.96 (+16.5) | 4.56 (−24.3) | [39] |
3% C15A | 53.1 (−9.8) | 2.96 (+2.3) | 4.6 (−41.0) | [38] |
Type of Organically Modified Nanoclay | Mixing Technique | Clay Loading (wt%) | % Change in Tensile Strength | % Change in Tensile Modulus | % Change in Fracture Strain | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Octadecyl ammonium (I.30E) | High Shear Mixing | 1 | +7.0 | +6.6 | −13.6 | [29] |
2 | −0.5 | +12.2 | −21.9 | |||
3.5 | −8.2 | +18.1 | −41.8 | |||
5 | −28.4 | +34.6 | −70.1 | |||
10 | −23.7 | +40.9 | −66.7 | |||
2 | −0.9 | +11.4 | −18 | [39] | ||
3 | −16 | +22 | −45 | |||
5 | −31 | +31 | −66 | |||
10 | −29 | +31 | −63 | |||
Mechanical Stirring | 2 | −11.58 | −11.19 | −4.5 | [75] | |
5 | −20.22 | +3.9 | −36.6 | |||
10 | −23.75 | +10.85 | −40.4 | |||
1 | −3.04 | +2.29 | −24.3 | [38] | ||
3 | +11.5 | +10.0 | −17.9 | |||
6 | −10.72 | +13.83 | −52.6 | |||
10 | −31.04 | +20.06 | −69.2 |
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Merah, N.; Ashraf, F.; Shaukat, M.M. Mechanical and Moisture Barrier Properties of Epoxy–Nanoclay and Hybrid Epoxy–Nanoclay Glass Fibre Composites: A Review. Polymers 2022, 14, 1620. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14081620
Merah N, Ashraf F, Shaukat MM. Mechanical and Moisture Barrier Properties of Epoxy–Nanoclay and Hybrid Epoxy–Nanoclay Glass Fibre Composites: A Review. Polymers. 2022; 14(8):1620. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14081620
Chicago/Turabian StyleMerah, Necar, Farhan Ashraf, and Mian M. Shaukat. 2022. "Mechanical and Moisture Barrier Properties of Epoxy–Nanoclay and Hybrid Epoxy–Nanoclay Glass Fibre Composites: A Review" Polymers 14, no. 8: 1620. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14081620