The Significance of MicroRNAs in the Molecular Pathology of Brain Metastases
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. The Metastatic Cascade and the Development of Metastases
Specifics of the Development of Brain Metastases
3. MicroRNAs
4. MicroRNAs Involved in the Metastatic Cascade
4.1. MicroRNAs with a Suppresive Function for Metastases Development
4.2. Metastases Promoting microRNAs
4.3. MicroRNAs Involved in the Premetastaci Niche Formation and Microenvironment Modulation
5. MicroRNAs Involved in Brain Cancer Metastases
5.1. MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer Brain Metastases
5.1.1. MicroRNAs with a Suppresive Function for Metastases Development in Lung Cancer
5.1.2. Metastases Promoting MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer
5.1.3. MicroRNAs with Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential in Lung Cancer Metastases
5.2. MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Brain Metastases
5.2.1. MicroRNAs with a Suppresive Function for Metastases Development in Breast Cancer
5.2.2. MicroRNAs Involved in the Extravasation and Colonization of the Brain in Breast Cancer Metastases
5.3. MicroRNAs in Melanoma Brain Metastases
5.4. MicroRNAs in Colorectal Carcinoma Brain Metastases
5.5. MicroRNAs in Renal Cell Carcinoma Brain Metastases
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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microRNA | Primary Tumor | Dysregulation | Role in Metastases | Origin | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
miR-21 | LC, NSCLC | Up | Promotion of cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and angiogenesis | Cancer cells | [118,119,120] |
miR-768-3p | LC | Dow | Brain colonization via K-Ras expression enhancement | Cancer cells | [121] |
miR-193b | LC | Down | Inhibition of cell migration and invasion | Cancer cells | [122] |
miR-215-3p | LC | Down | Not specified | Cancer cells | [123] |
miR-217 | LC, NSCLC | Down | Inhibition of cell viability and migration | Cancer cells | [124] |
miR-145 | LC | Down | Inhibition of cell migration | Cancer cells | [125,126] |
miR-95-3p | LC | Down | Inhibition of cell proliferation and invasiveness via targeting Cyclin D1 | Cancer Cells | [127] |
miR-378 | LC, NSCLC | Up | Promotion of cell migration, invasiveness and vasculogeny mimicry | Cancer cells | [128] |
miR-328 | LC, NSCLC | Up | Promotion of primary tumor cells migration | Cancer cells | [129] |
miR-143-3p | LC | Up | Promotion of cell migration, invasiveness, and BBB passage | Cancer cells | [130] |
let-7a | LC | Down | Inhibition of cell proliferation | Cancer cells | [131] |
miR-330-3p | LC, NSCLC | Up | EMT promotion | Cancer cells | [132] |
miR-375 | LC, NSCLC | Down | Not examined | Cancer cells | [133] |
miR-1207-5p | LC | Down | Promoting BBB permeability | Brain microvascular endothelial cells | [134] |
miR-802-5p | BC, TNBC | Down | Not known | Not known | [140,141] |
miR-194-5p | BC, TNBC | Down | Supposedly promotion of passage through BBB | Cancer cells, BBB cells | [140,141] |
miR-92a-1-5p | BC, TNBC | Up | Not examined | Cancer cells, BBB cells | [141] |
miR-205-5p | BC, TNBC | Up | Not examined | Cancer cells | [141] |
miR-181a-1-3p | BC, TNBC | Up | Not examined | Cancer cells, BBB cells | [141] |
miR-141 | BC | Up | Not examined | Cancer cells | [142] |
miR-7 | BC | Down | Inhibition of CSC self-renrewal | CSC | [143] |
miR-146a | BC | Down | Inhibition of cell migration and invasion | Cancer cells | [144] |
miR-509 | BC | Down | Inhibition of extravasation, BBB disruption | Upregulated in metastasizing cells | [145] |
miR-211 | BC, TNBC | Up | Promotion of passage through BBB | Upregulated in metastasizing cells | [146] |
miR-181c | BC | Up | BBB disruption, Extravasation | Cancer cells (secreted via exosoms) | [147] |
miR-503 | BC | Up | Microenvironment modulation | Cancer cells (secreted via exosoms) | [148] |
miR-19a | BC | Up | Promotion of BM growth, proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis | Astrocytes | [15] |
miR-122 | BC | Up | Microenvironment modulation | Cancer cells (secreted via exosoms) | [149] |
miR-224-5p/miR-452 cluster | Melanoma | Up | EMT promotion | Cancer cells | [151] |
miR-542-3p | Melanoma | Down | EMT Inhibition | Cancer cells | [152] |
miR-671-5p, miR-4664-3p, miR-4665-3p, miR-5694, miR-6741-3p, and miR-6796-3p | Melanoma | Up | Not Examined | Not stated | [154] |
miR-150-5p | Melanoma | Down | Inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasivness | Cancer cells | [155,156] |
miR-199a, miR-133a, miR-145, miR-143, miR-10b, miR-1, miR-199a-5p, miR-145-3p, miR-125b, miR-133b, miR-22, miR-126-5p, miR-146a, miR-28-5p, miR-576-5p, miR-199b-5p, HS_287 | CRC | Up | Not examined | Cancer cells | [158] |
miR-31, HS_170 | CRC | Down | Not examined | Cancer cells | [158] |
miR-590-5p | CRC | Up | Cell mobility promotion | Cancer cells | [161] |
miR-10b, miR-30c | RCC | Down | Not examined | Cancer cells | [165] |
miR-206 | RCC | Down | Inhibition of cell migration and invasiveness | Cancer cells | [166] |
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Siegl, F.; Vecera, M.; Roskova, I.; Smrcka, M.; Jancalek, R.; Kazda, T.; Slaby, O.; Sana, J. The Significance of MicroRNAs in the Molecular Pathology of Brain Metastases. Cancers 2022, 14, 3386. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143386
Siegl F, Vecera M, Roskova I, Smrcka M, Jancalek R, Kazda T, Slaby O, Sana J. The Significance of MicroRNAs in the Molecular Pathology of Brain Metastases. Cancers. 2022; 14(14):3386. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143386
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiegl, Frantisek, Marek Vecera, Ivana Roskova, Martin Smrcka, Radim Jancalek, Tomas Kazda, Ondrej Slaby, and Jiri Sana. 2022. "The Significance of MicroRNAs in the Molecular Pathology of Brain Metastases" Cancers 14, no. 14: 3386. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143386