Diets, Lifestyles and Metabolic Risk Factors among Corporate Information Technology (IT) Employees in South India
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Selection of the Study Sites and Participants Recruitment
2.3. Data Collection
2.3.1. Anthropometric Measurements
2.3.2. Clinical Assessment
2.3.3. Biochemical Assessment
2.3.4. Assessment of Selected Biomarker Levels
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Health and Nutrition Status of the Employees
3.2. Prevalence of Metabolic Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome
3.3. KAP of the Employees on Health, Food and Lifestyle
3.4. Association of Biomarkers with Perceived Stress Score, Diet and PA
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Biochemical Parameters | Number of Participants (n = 154) and Median (P25–P75) Values |
---|---|
Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) mg/dL | 88 (82–93.5) |
Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c %) | 5.6 (5.3–5.8) |
Total Cholesterol (TC) mg/dL | 175.6 (150.4–212) |
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C) mg/dL | 40 (32–48) |
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C) mg/dL | 105 (87–142.5) |
Triglycerides (TG) mg/dL | 128.5 (104.5–157) |
Metabolic Risk Factor | Percentage of Study Population (n = 154) |
---|---|
n (%) | |
Elevated Blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg) | 32 (20.77) |
Low High-density lipoprotein (<40 mg/dL-Males, <50 mg/dL Females) | 89 (57.79) |
High Triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL) | 57 (37.01) |
Elevated Fasting Blood Sugar (≥100 mg/dL) | 30 (19.48) |
Elevated Waist Circumference (Males-≥90 cm, Females ≥80 cm) | 84 (54.54) |
Parameters | No MetS (Score 0–2) | MetS (Score 3–5) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (Years) | 28 (21–40) | 38.5 (22–50) | 0.000 * |
Homocysteine (µmole/L) | 9.80 (2.66–23.95) | 25.37 (5.7–94.94) | 0.001 * |
MDA (nmoles/mL) | 0.55 (0.12–1.09) | 0.92 (0.6–1.77) | 0.003 * |
IL-6 (pg/mL) | 4.60 (1.67–12.04) | 9.5 (4.63–35.86) | 0.017 * |
IL-4 (pg/mL) | 6.56 (2.34–13.2) | 9.4 (6.18–47.45) | 0.000 * |
Behavioural Risk Factors | Indicators | Prevalence (n, %) |
---|---|---|
Dietary Risk Factors | Skipping at least 1 meal every day | 50 (30.12%) |
Consuming >400 g of fruits or vegetables every day | 64 (38.55%) | |
Adding extra salt to food on table | 51 (30.7%) | |
Eating out frequency > once every week | 111 (66.8%) | |
Activity Status | Not involved in intentional physical activity | 87 (52.4%) |
Total intentional physical activity time <150 min/week | 128 (77.10) | |
Total sitting time >8 h/day | 147 (88.55%) | |
Smoking habits | Regular smoking | 37 (22.2%) |
Alcohol consumption | Regular consumption of alcohol | 35 (0.21%) |
Stress Level | High self-perceived stress level (stress score ≥ 26) | 56 (33.73%) |
Risk Factors | <30 Years (n, %) | ≥30 Years (n, %) | X2 | Significance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Skipping meals | 39 (50.6) | 8 (10.4) | 29.42 | 0.000 * |
<400 g of fruits & veggies | 46 (59.7) | 55 (71.4) | 2.33 | 0.127 |
Adding extra salt | 19 (24.7 | 26 (33.8) | 1.53 | 0.215 |
Frequent eating out | 72 (93.5) | 51 (66.3) | 23.93 | 0.000 * |
>8 h sitting time/day | 68 (83.3) | 71 (92.2) | .665 | 0.415 |
No involvement in intentional physical activity | 31 (40.3) | 52 (67.5) | 11.52 | 0.001 * |
<150 min Physical Activity/week | 56 (72.7) | 68 (88.3) | 5.96 | 0.015 |
Smoking | 34 (44.2) | 42 (54.5) | 3.85 | 0.197 |
Alcoholism | 45 (58.5) | 45 (58.5) | 3.87 | 0.144 |
High perceived Stress | 47 (61.1) | 63 (81.8) | 9.48 | 0.000 * |
Metabolic syndrome | 2 (2.6) | 44 (28.57) | 5.468 | 0.000 * |
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Banerjee, P.; Reddy, G.B.; Panda, H.; Angadi, K.K.; Reddy, T.; Gavaravarapu, S.M. Diets, Lifestyles and Metabolic Risk Factors among Corporate Information Technology (IT) Employees in South India. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3404. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153404
Banerjee P, Reddy GB, Panda H, Angadi KK, Reddy T, Gavaravarapu SM. Diets, Lifestyles and Metabolic Risk Factors among Corporate Information Technology (IT) Employees in South India. Nutrients. 2023; 15(15):3404. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153404
Chicago/Turabian StyleBanerjee, Paromita, G. Bhanuprakash Reddy, Hrusikesh Panda, Kiran Kumar Angadi, Thirupathi Reddy, and SubbaRao M. Gavaravarapu. 2023. "Diets, Lifestyles and Metabolic Risk Factors among Corporate Information Technology (IT) Employees in South India" Nutrients 15, no. 15: 3404. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153404