Bone Mineral Metabolism Status, Quality of Life, and Muscle Strength in Older People
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Procedures
2.2.1. Questionnaires
2.2.2. Physical Performance Measures
2.2.3. Biochemical Blood Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
Associations between EQ-5D, Hand Grip, and MNA and Mineral Metabolism Biomarkers
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Alb | Albumin |
BMI | Body mass index |
Ca2+ | Calcium |
CGR | Clinical group risk |
CKD | Chronic kidney disease |
1,25(OH)2D3 | 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 |
EQ-5D | EuroQoL-5 dimensions |
EQ-VAS | EQ-5D-visual analogue scale |
FGF23 | Fibroblast growth factor-23 |
25 (OH)D3 | 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 |
IOM | Institute of Medicine |
iPTH | Intact parathyroid hormone |
MMSE | Mini Mental State Examination |
MNA | Mini Nutritional Assessment |
PASE | Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly |
QoL | Quality of life |
SD | Standard deviation |
VDRs | Vitamin D receptors |
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Characteristics | Men n = 129 | Women n = 144 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 76.14 (7.32) | 75.40 (7.04) | 0.394 |
BMI (SD) | 27.62 (3.77) | 27.80 (4.23) | 0.728 |
Total drugs used, mean (SD) | 3.88 (2.83) | 4.11 (3.01) | 0.522 |
Falls (SD) | 0.07 (0.26) | 0.26 (0.52) | <0.001 |
Hospital admissions (SD) | 0.10 (0.29) | 0.09 (0.28) | 0.770 |
CRG (% pluripathologic or chronic diseases) | 34.10 | 29.90 | 0.268 |
EQ-5D (SD) | 0.83 (0.16) | 0.79 (0.16) | 0.058 |
EQ-5D, problems with mobility (%) | 26.6 | 31.3 | 0.237 |
EQ-5D, problems with self-care (%) | 3.1 | 9.7 | 0.024 |
EQ-5D, problems with usual activities (%) | 7.8 | 14.6 | 0.058 |
EQ-5D, problems with pain and discomfort (%) | 39.8 | 51.4 | 0.037 |
EQ-5D, problems with depression or anxiety (%) | 25.0 | 39.6 | 0.009 |
EQ-5D, any problem (%) | 61.7 | 70.8 | 0.072 |
EQ-VAS, mean (SD) | 74.64 (14.03) | 68.63 (17.30) | 0.002 |
VAS, mean (SD) | 2.51 (2.53) | 2.97 (2.51) | 0.131 |
PASE (SD) | 329.68 (199.82) | 331.13 (196.59) | 0.646 |
Hand grip, mean (SD) | 45.21 (26.23) | 30.47 (16.22) | <0.001 |
MNA, mean (SD) | 27.06 (2.60) | 26.74 (2.97) | 0.350 |
Vitamin D, mean (SD) | 19.83 (7.43) | 20.19 (3.00) | 0.796 |
PTH (SD) | 64.32 (27.47) | 67.51 (29.77) | 0.369 |
Ca2+ (SD) | 9.40 (0.30) | 9.52 (0.37) | 0.007 |
Phosphorus (SD) | 3.06 (0.43) | 3.42 (0.49) | <0.001 |
Creatinine (SD) | 1.04 (0.23) | 0.82 (0.19) | <0.001 |
Albumin (SD) | 4.45 (0.25) | 4.39 (0.25) | 0.044 |
Variables | Age | BMI | Number of Drugs | Number of Falls | Number of Hospitalizations | PASE | Hand Grip | EQ-5D | EQ-VAS | MNA | Vitamin D | Ca2+ | phosphorus | Alb | iPTH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 1 | −0.047 | −0.006 | 0.016 | 0.016 | 0.003 | −0.255 | −0.159 | −0.137 | −0.138 | −0.143 | −0.025 | −0.092 | −0.301 | 0.249 |
− | 0.444 | 0.920 | 0.792 | 0.792 | 0.967 | <0.001 | 0.009 | 0.023 | 0.023 | 0.019 | 0.678 | 0.132 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
BMI | 1 | 0.096 | 0.010 | −0.041 | −0.115 | 0.082 | −0.108 | −0.062 | 0.060 | 0.059 | 0.026 | −0.026 | 0.063 | −0.012 | |
− | 0.115 | 0.871 | 0.507 | 0.050 | 0.178 | 0.076 | 0.310 | 0.327 | 0.338 | 0.672 | 0.677 | 0.302 | 0.845 | ||
Number of Drugs | 1 | 0.020 | 0.032 | −0.182 | −0.116 | −0.327 | −0.356 | −0.019 | 0.070 | 0.058 | 0.102 | −0.027 | 0.020 | ||
− | 0.747 | 0.606 | 0.003 | 0.056 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.753 | 0.253 | 0.347 | 0.094 | 0.661 | 0.748 | |||
Number of Falls | 1 | 0.157 | −0.075 | −0.081 | −0.039 | −0.109 | −0.005 | 0.057 | 0.056 | 0.129 | −0.049 | 0.051 | |||
− | 0.011 | 0.221 | 0.189 | 0.529 | 0.075 | 0.929 | 0.356 | 0.363 | 0.036 | 0.431 | 0.418 | ||||
Number of Hospitalizations | 1 | 0.054 | 0.072 | −0.027 | −0.027 | −0.004 | 0.079 | 0.021 | 0.107 | −0.005 | −0.096 | ||||
− | 0.378 | 0.242 | 0.666 | 0.657 | 0.945 | 0.205 | 0.733 | 0.086 | 0.936 | 0.123 | |||||
PASE | 1 | −0.107 | 0.397 | 0.221 | −0.225 | −0.017 | −0.044 | −0.024 | 0.062 | 0.006 | |||||
− | 0.078 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.777 | 0.470 | 0.697 | 0.310 | 0.925 | ||||||
Hand Grip | 1 | 0.107 | 0.119 | 0.371 | 0.001 | −0.014 | −0.217 | 0.212 | 0.138 | ||||||
− | 0.078 | 0.050 | <0.001 | 1 | 0.817 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.024 | |||||||
EQ-5D | 1 | 0.309 | 0.026 | 0.002 | −0.072 | −0.045 | 0.018 | −0.007 | |||||||
− | <0.001 | 0.672 | 0.975 | 0.237 | 0.467 | 0.769 | 0.910 | ||||||||
EQ-VAS | 1 | 0.096 | 0.006 | 0.009 | −0.160 | 0.134 | −0.046 | ||||||||
− | 0.115 | 0.927 | 0.887 | 0.008 | 0.028 | 0.459 | |||||||||
MNA | 1 | 0.038 | −0.108 | −0.080 | 0.058 | 0.035 | |||||||||
− | 0.537 | 0.077 | 0.191 | 0.347 | 0.567 | ||||||||||
Vitamin D | 1 | 0.023 | 0.123 | 0.056 | −0.196 | ||||||||||
− | 0.704 | 0.044 | 0.360 | 0.001 | |||||||||||
Ca2+ | 1 | 0.052 | 0.471 | −0.035 | |||||||||||
− | 0.393 | <0.001 | 0.575 | ||||||||||||
phosphorus | 1 | −0.007 | −0.090 | ||||||||||||
− | 0.910 | 0.144 | |||||||||||||
Alb | 1 | −0.209 | |||||||||||||
− | 0.001 | ||||||||||||||
iPTH | 1 | ||||||||||||||
− |
Measurements | Vitamin D | Ca2+ | phosphorus | Alb | iPTH | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p-Value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p-Value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p-Value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p-Value | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
EQ-5D * | |||||||||||||||
Mobility | 0.964 | 0.933–0.995 | 0.024 | 0.918 | 0.859–0.981 | 0.011 | 0.768 | 0.627–0.942 | 0.011 | 0.835 | 0.727–0.959 | 0.010 | 0.990 | 0.981–1.000 | 0.044 |
Self-care | 0.943 | 0.875–1.016 | 0.125 | 0.805 | 0.739–1.013 | 0.072 | 0.647 | 0.398–1.051 | 0.078 | 0.734 | 0.526–1.025 | 0.069 | 0.985 | 0.964–1.006 | 0.158 |
Usual activities | 0.924 | 0.866–0.987 | 0.019 | 0.845 | 0.743–0.962 | 0.011 | 0.598 | 0.401–0.893 | 0.012 | 0.698 | 0.530–0.917 | 0.010 | 0.979 | 0.960–0.997 | 0.025 |
Pain and discomfort | 0.983 | 0.958–1.009 | 0.206 | 0.946 | 0.894–1.000 | 0.050 | 0.833 | 0.702–0.989 | 0.037 | 0.894 | 0.796–1.005 | 0.060 | 0.991 | 0.983–0.999 | 0.034 |
Depression or anxiety | 0.959 | 0.930–0.990 | 0.009 | 0.912 | 0.856–0.972 | 0.005 | 0.739 | 0.606–0.901 | 0.003 | 0.825 | 0.722–0.943 | 0.005 | 0.988 | 0.979–0.998 | 0.014 |
Any problem | 0.974 | 0.948–1.000 | 0.049 | 0.926 | 0.875–0.981 | 0.009 | 0.779 | 0.655–0.927 | 0.005 | 0.852 | 0.756–0.960 | 0.008 | 0.990 | 0.982–0.998 | 0.014 |
EQ-VAS | 1.036 | 0.994–1.080 | 0.095 | 1.046 | 0.967–1.132 | 0.262 | 1.142 | 0.897–1.453 | 0.281 | 1.112 | 0.942–1.313 | 0.211 | 1.005 | 0.993–1.016 | 0.149 |
Hand grip | 1.035 | 1.010–1.060 | 0.006 | 1.087 | 1.028–1.150 | 0.003 | 1.263 | 1.078–1.480 | 0.004 | 1.206 | 1.070–1.358 | 0.002 | 1.004 | 0.997–1.011 | 0.309 |
MNA | 1.008 | 0.966–1.051 | 0.727 | 1.010 | 0.925–1.102 | 0.829 | 1.038 | 0.793–1.360 | 0.784 | 1.019 | 0.842–1.220 | 0.843 | 1.002 | 0.989–1.015 | 0.755 |
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Verde, Z.; Giaquinta, A.; Moreno Sainz, C.; Díaz Ondina, M.; Fernández Araque, A. Bone Mineral Metabolism Status, Quality of Life, and Muscle Strength in Older People. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2748. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112748
Verde Z, Giaquinta A, Moreno Sainz C, Díaz Ondina M, Fernández Araque A. Bone Mineral Metabolism Status, Quality of Life, and Muscle Strength in Older People. Nutrients. 2019; 11(11):2748. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112748
Chicago/Turabian StyleVerde, Zoraida, Andrea Giaquinta, Carmelo Moreno Sainz, Marta Díaz Ondina, and Ana Fernández Araque. 2019. "Bone Mineral Metabolism Status, Quality of Life, and Muscle Strength in Older People" Nutrients 11, no. 11: 2748. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112748