Influence of Maternal Microbiome and Inflammatory Response in Preterm Birth: Recent Aspects of the Prevention of Preterm Birth
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Molecular-Based Approach of Microbial Communities
3. The Vaginal Microbiome in Normal Pregnancy
4. Vaginal Microbiome and Preterm Birth
5. Endometrial Microbiome in Preterm Birth
6. Oral-Placental Microbiome in Preterm Birth
7. Gut Microbiome and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
8. Microbiomes. The Prevention of the PTB
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Microbial Function | Methods | Description |
---|---|---|
Cells | Microscopy | Detection of microbial phenotype and colonization pattern |
Cultoromics | Species characterization and cellular function | |
DNA | Metabarcoding | Community composition and microbial networks |
Metagenomics | The collection of genomes and genes from microbiota community | |
Single cell genomics | Cell individuality | |
RNA | Metatranscriptomics | Gene expression and active gene function |
Protein | Metaproteomics | Protein expression and metabolic function |
Metabolite | Metabolomics | Metabolite production and microbial production |
Species | Microbiota | Effects of Microbiota |
---|---|---|
Lactobacillus spp. | L. crispatus | Protective |
L. iners | Controversial | |
L. jensenii | Protective | |
L. gasseri | Protective | |
Bacterial Vaginosis | Gardnerella | Harmful |
Bacteroides | Harmful | |
Mobiluncus | Controversial/Harmful | |
Prevotella | Harmful | |
Anaerobic Microbiota | Ureaplasma | Harmful |
Mycoplasma | Harmful | |
Klebsiella | Harmful | |
Aerobic Microbiota | Group B Streptocuccus | Controversial/Harmful |
Staphylocuccus spp. | Controversial | |
E. coli | Controversial |
Condition Studied | Summary | |
---|---|---|
2019 Fettweis et al. [33] | 45 preterm and 90 term birth controls | Preterm-delivered women had significantly lower vaginal levels of Lactobacillus crispatus and higher levels of Sneathia amnii, and Prevotella species. |
2018 Freitas et al. [24] | 46 preterm and 170 term birth controls | The preterm-delivered women had increased richness and diversity and higher Mycoplasma or Ureaplasma prevalence. |
2017 Callahan et al. [39] | Low risk for PTB: predominantly Caucasian (n = 39) high-risk for PTB: predominantly African American (n = 96) | Lactobacillus crispatus was related to low risk of PTB, while Lactobacillus iners and Gardnerella vaginalis had association with PTB. |
2017 Stafford et al. [40] | No preterm labor group (n = 121), preterm labor group (n = 41) | The microbiome of women who experienced PTB showed 2-fold lower community state type (CST) I-dominated microbiota at 20–22 weeks. CST V was 2-fold higher in the preterm-delivered women compared to term-delivered women. |
2017 Stout et al. [41] | Nested case-control study, 24 cases and 53 controls | The vaginal microbiome demonstrated decreased vaginal richness and Shannon diversity in preterm delivery. |
2016 Nelson et al. [42] | Nulliparous African American women, 13 preterm and 27 term birth controls | Decreased bacterial diversity with lower abundance of Coriobacteriaceae, Sneathia, Prevotella, and Aerococcus were found in preterm delivery. |
2014 Romero et al. [43] | Nested case-control study, 18 cases and 72 controls | As pregnancy progressed, four Lactobacillus spp. were increased and anaerobic microbiomes were decreased. |
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Cho, H.Y.; Shim, S.S.; Park, H.J.; Cha, D.H. Influence of Maternal Microbiome and Inflammatory Response in Preterm Birth: Recent Aspects of the Prevention of Preterm Birth. Microbiol. Res. 2022, 13, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres13010001
Cho HY, Shim SS, Park HJ, Cha DH. Influence of Maternal Microbiome and Inflammatory Response in Preterm Birth: Recent Aspects of the Prevention of Preterm Birth. Microbiology Research. 2022; 13(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres13010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleCho, Hee Young, Sung Shin Shim, Hee Jin Park, and Dong Hyun Cha. 2022. "Influence of Maternal Microbiome and Inflammatory Response in Preterm Birth: Recent Aspects of the Prevention of Preterm Birth" Microbiology Research 13, no. 1: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres13010001