The Latest Achievements in the Construction of Influenza Virus Detection Aptasensors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Flu Virus Diagnosis
3. Impedimetric Aptasensors
4. Fluorescent Aptasensors
5. Electrochemical Aptasensors
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Yadav, M.P.; Singh, R.K.; Malik, Y. Epidemiological Perspective in Managing Viral Diseases in Animals. In Recent Advances in Animal Virology; Malik, Y., Yadav, S.R.M., Eds.; Springer: Singapore, 2019. [Google Scholar]
- Graham, B.S.; Sullivan, N.J. Emerging viral diseases from a vaccinology perspective: Preparing for the next pandemic. Nat. Immunol. 2018, 19, 20–28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, X.Y.; Zhao, T.F.; Qin, X.M. Model of epidemic control based on quarantine and message delivery. Phys. Stat. Mech. Appl. 2016, 458, 168–178. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Acquah, C.; Danquah, M.K.; Agyei, D.; Moy, C.K.S.; Sidhu, A.; Ongkudon, C.M. Deploying aptameric sensing technology for rapid pandemic monitoring. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 2016, 36, 1010–1022. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Cheng, V.C.-C.; Chan, J.F.-W.; Hung, I.F.N.; Yuen, K.-Y. Viral Infections, an Overview with a Focus on Prevention of Transmission. In International Encyclopedia of Public Health; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2017; pp. 368–377. [Google Scholar]
- Hagan, M.; Ranadheera, C.; Audet, J.; Morin, J.; Leung, A.; Kobasa, D. Post-exposure treatment with whole inactivated H5N1 avian influenza virus protects against lethal homologous virus infection in mice. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 29433. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Westenius, V.; Makela, S.M.; Julkunen, I.; Ooterlund, P. Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza A Virus Spreads Efficiently in Human Primary Monocyte-Derived Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. Front. Immunol. 2018, 9, 1664. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Wandtke, T.; Wozniak, J.; Kopinski, P. Aptamers in Diagnostics and Treatment of Viral Infections. Viruses 2015, 7, 751–780. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Martini, M.; Gazzaniga, V.; Bragazzi, N.L.; Barberis, I. The Spanish Influenza Pandemic: A lesson from history 100 years after 1918. J. Prev. Med. Hyg. 2019, 60, E64–E67. [Google Scholar]
- Huang, R.R.; Xi, Z.J.; Deng, Y.; He, N.Y. Fluorescence based Aptasensors for the determination of hepatitis B virus e antigen. Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 31103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Xi, Z.J.; Gong, Q.; Wang, C.; Zheng, B. Highly sensitive chemiluminescent aptasensor for detecting HBV infection based on rapid magnetic separation and double-functionalized gold nanoparticles. Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 1–7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cenciarelli, O.; Pietropaoli, S.; Malizia, A.; Carestia, M.; D’Amico, F.; Sassolini, A.; Di Giovanni, D.; Rea, S.; Gabbarini, V.; Tamburrini, A.; et al. Ebola virus disease 2013-2014 outbreak in west Africa: An analysis of the epidemic spread and response. Int. J. Microbiol. 2015, 769121. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Busch, M.P.; Bloch, E.M.; Kleinman, S. Prevention of transfusion-transmitted infections. Blood 2019, 133, 1854–1864. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Barreiro, P. Evolving RNA Virus Pandemics: HIV, HCV, Ebola, Dengue, Chikunguya, and now Zika! Aids Rev. 2016, 18, 54–55. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Vidic, J.; Manzano, M.; Chang, C.M.; Jaffrezic-Renault, N. Advanced biosensors for detection of pathogens related to livestock and poultry. Vet. Res. 2017, 48, 1–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Reichel, M.P.; Lanyon, S.R.; Hill, F.I. Moving past serology: Diagnostic options without serum. Vet. J. 2016, 215, 76–81. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Dziabowska, K.; Czaczyk, E.; Nidzworski, D. Detection Methods of Human and Animal Influenza Virus-Current Trends. Biosensors 2018, 8, 94. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Guo, L.; Ren, L.; Yang, S.; Xiao, M.; Chang, D.; Yang, F.; Dela Cruz, C.S.; Wang, Y.; Wu, C.; Xiao, Y.; et al. Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Clin. Infect. Dis 2020, 71, 778–785. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Thomson, E.C.; Nastouli, E.; Main, J.; Karayiannis, P.; Eliahoo, J.; Myra, D.M.; McClure, M.O. Delayed anti-HCV antibody response in HIV-positive men acutely infected with HCV. Aids 2009, 23, 89–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Saylan, Y.; Erdem, O.; Unal, S.; Denizli, A. An Alternative Medical Diagnosis Method: Biosensors for Virus Detection. Biosensors 2019, 9, 65. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hasegawa, M.; Wandera, E.A.; Inoue, Y.; Kimura, N.; Sasaki, R.; Mizukami, T.; Shah, M.M.; Shirai, N.; Takei, O.; Shindo, H.; et al. Detection of rotavirus in clinical specimens using an immunosensor prototype based on the photon burst counting technique. Biomed. Opt. Express 2017, 8, 3383–3394. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Sun, H.; Zhu, X.; Lu, P.Y.; Rosato, R.R.; Tan, W.; Zu, Y. Oligonucleotide aptamers: New tools for targeted cancer therapy. Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids 2014, 3, e182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tuerk, C.; Gold, L. Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment: RNA ligands to bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase. Science 1990, 249, 505–510. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ellington, A.D.; Szostak, J.W. In vitro selection of RNA molecules that bind specific ligands. Nature 1990, 346, 818–822. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Binning, J.M.; Leung, D.W.; Amarasinghe, G.K. Aptamers in virology: Recent advances and challenges. Front. Microbiol. 2012, 3, 29. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Yu, Y.Y.; Liang, C.; Lv, Q.X.; Li, D.F.; Xu, X.G.; Liu, B.Q.; Lu, A.P.; Zhang, G. Molecular Selection, Modification and Development of Therapeutic Oligonucleotide Aptamers. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 358. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Crivianu-Gaita, V.; Thompson, M. Aptamers, antibody scFv, and antibody Fab’ fragments: An overview and comparison of three of the most versatile biosensor biorecognition elements. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2016, 85, 32–45. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jeddi, I.; Saiz, L. Three-dimensional modeling of single stranded DNA hairpins for aptamer-based biosensors. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 1–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Luka, G.; Ahmadi, A.; Najjaran, H.; Alocilja, E.; DeRosa, M.; Wolthers, K.; Malki, A.; Aziz, H.; Althani, A.; Hoorfar, M. Microfluidics Integrated Biosensors: A Leading Technology towards Lab-on-a-Chip and Sensing Applications. Sensors 2015, 15, 30011–30031. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Odeh, F.; Nsairat, H.; Alshaer, W.; Ismail, M.A.; Esawi, E.; Qaqish, B.; Al Bawab, A.; Ismail, S.I. Aptamers Chemistry: Chemical Modifications and Conjugation Strategies. Molecules 2020, 25, 3. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Spackman, E. Influenza Subtype Identification with Molecular Methods, 2nd ed.; In Animal Influenza Virus, Humana Press: New York, NY, USA, 2014; Volume 1161, pp. 119–123. [Google Scholar]
- Lamb, R.A.; Choppin, P.W. The gene structure and replication of influenza-virus. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1983, 52, 467–506. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bai, C.J.; Lu, Z.W.; Jiang, H.; Yang, Z.H.; Liu, X.M.; Ding, H.M.; Li, H.; Dong, J.; Huang, A.X.; Fang, T.; et al. Aptamer selection and application in multivalent binding-based electrical impedance detection of inactivated H1N1 virus. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2018, 110, 162–167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pang, Y.F.; Rong, Z.; Wang, J.F.; Xiao, R.; Wang, S.Q. A fluorescent aptasensor for H5N1 influenza virus detection based-on the core-shell nanoparticles metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF). Biosens. Bioelectron. 2015, 66, 527–532. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lum, J.; Wang, R.H.; Hargis, B.; Tung, S.; Bottje, W.; Lu, H.G.; Li, Y.B. An Impedance Aptasensor with Microfluidic Chips for Specific Detection of H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus. Sensors 2015, 15, 18565–18578. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Karash, S.; Wang, R.; Kelso, L.; Lu, H.; Huang, T.J.; Li, Y. Rapid detection of avian influenza virus H5N1 in chicken tracheal samples using an impedance aptasensor with gold nanoparticles for signal amplification. J. Virol. Methods 2016, 236, 147–156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- FAO. H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Global Overview. April—June 2012; FAO: Rome, Italy, 2012. [Google Scholar]
- WHO. Cumulative Number of Confirmed Human Cases of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Reported to WHO, 2003–2015; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 15 October 2015. [Google Scholar]
- Kirkegaard, J.; Rozlosnik, N. Screen-Printed All-Polymer Aptasensor for Impedance Based Detection of Influenza A Virus. In Biosensors and Biodetection: Methods and Protocols, Vol 2: Electrochemical, Bioelectronic, Piezoelectric, Cellular and Molecular Biosensors, 2nd ed.; Humana Press: New York, NY, USA, 2017; Volume 1572, pp. 55–70. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, C.H.; Chang, C.P.; Lee, G.B. Integrated microfluidic device using a single universal aptamer to detect multiple types of influenza viruses. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2016, 86, 247–254. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Su, S.; Bi, Y.H.; Wong, G.; Gray, G.C.; Gao, G.F.; Li, S.J. Epidemiology, Evolution, and Recent Outbreaks of Avian Influenza Virus in China. J. Virol. 2015, 89, 8671–8676. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Tanner, W.D.; Toth, D.J.A.; Gundlapalli, A.V. The pandemic potential of avian influenza A(H7N9) virus: A review. Epidemiol. Infect. 2015, 143, 3359–3374. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shrestha, S.S.; Swerdlow, D.L.; Borse, R.H.; Prabhu, V.S.; Finelli, L.; Atkins, C.Y.; Owusu-Edusei, K.; Bell, B.; Mead, P.S.; Biggerstaff, M.; et al. Estimating the Burden of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in the United States (April 2009-April 2010). Clin. Infect. Dis. 2011, 52, S75–S82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mosnier, A.; Caini, S.; Daviaud, I.; Nauleau, E.; Bui, T.T.; Debost, E.; Bedouret, B.; Agius, G.; van der Werf, S.; Lina, B.; et al. Clinical Characteristics Are Similar across Type A and B Influenza Virus Infections. PLoS ONE 2015, 10, e0136186. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Burnham, A.J.; Baranovich, T.; Govorkova, E.A. Neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza B virus infection: Efficacy and resistance. Antivir. Res. 2013, 100, 520–534. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Dhumpa, R.; Handberg, K.J.; Jorgensen, P.H.; Yi, S.; Wolff, A.; Bang, D.D. Rapid detection of avian influenza virus in chicken fecal samples by immunomagnetic capture reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2011, 69, 258–265. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nicholson, K.G.; Aoki, F.Y.; Osterhaus, A.; Trottier, S.; Carewicz, O.; Mercier, C.H.; Rode, A.; Kinnersley, N.; Ward, P.; Neuraminidase Inhibitor Flu, T. Efficacy and safety of oseltamivir in treatment of acute influenza: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2000, 355, 1845–1850. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carlson, A.; Thung, S.F.; Norwitz, E.R. H1N1 Influenza in Pregnancy: What All Obstetric Care Providers Ought to Know. Rev. Obstet. Gynecol. 2009, 2, 139–145. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Wozniak-Kosek, A.; Kempinska-Miroslawska, B.; Hoser, G. Detection of the influenza virus yesterday and now. Acta Biochim. Pol. 2014, 61, 465–470. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bose, M.E.; Sasman, A.; Mei, H.; McCaul, K.C.; Kramp, W.J.; Chen, L.M.; Shively, R.; Williams, T.L.; Beck, E.T.; Henrickson, K.J. Analytical reactivity of 13 commercially available rapid influenza diagnostic tests with H3N2v and recently circulating influenza viruses. Influenza Other Respir. Viruses 2014, 8, 474–481. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Chan, K.H.; Chan, K.M.; Ho, Y.L.; Lam, Y.P.; Tong, H.L.; Poon, L.L.M.; Cowling, B.J.; Peiris, J.S.M. Quantitative analysis of four rapid antigen assays for detection of pandemic H1N1 2009 compared with seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viruses on nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients with influenza. J. Virol. Methods 2012, 186, 184–188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Vemula, S.V.; Zhao, J.Q.; Liu, J.K.; Wang, X.; Biswas, S.; Hewlett, I. Current Approaches for Diagnosis of Influenza Virus Infections in Humans. Viruses 2016, 8, 96. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Steininger, C.; Redlberger, M.; Graninger, W.; Kundi, M.; Popow-Kraupp, T. Near-patient assays for diagnosis of influenza virus infection in adult patients. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 2009, 15, 267–273. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Tseng, Y.T.; Wang, C.H.; Chang, C.P.; Lee, G.B. Integrated microfluidic system for rapid detection of influenza H1N1 virus using a sandwich-based aptamer assay. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2016, 82, 105–111. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Leland, D.S.; Ginocchio, C.C. Role of cell culture for virus detection in the age of technology. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2007, 20, 49–78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Nilsson, C.E.; Abbas, S.; Bennemo, M.; Larsson, A.; Hamalainen, M.D.; Frostell-Karlsson, A. A novel assay for influenza virus quantification using surface plasmon resonance. Vaccine 2010, 28, 759–766. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bai, H.; Wang, R.H.; Hargis, B.; Lu, H.G.; Li, Y.B. A SPR Aptasensor for Detection of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1. Sensors 2012, 12, 12506–12518. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Suenaga, E.; Mizuno, H.; Penmetcha, K.K.R. Monitoring influenza hemagglutinin and glycan interactions using surface plasmon resonance. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2012, 32, 195–201. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, S.A.; Kim, S.J.; Lee, S.H.; Park, T.H.; Byun, K.M.; Kim, S.G.; Shuler, M.L. Detection of Avian Influenza-DNA Hybridization Using Wavelength-scanning Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor. J. Opt. Soc. Korea 2009, 13, 392–397. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Chang, Y.F.; Wang, S.F.; Huang, J.C.; Su, L.C.; Yao, L.; Li, Y.C.; Wu, S.C.; Chen, Y.M.A.; Hsieh, J.P.; Chou, C. Detection of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) viruses using a localized surface plasmon coupled fluorescence fiber-optic biosensor. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2010, 26, 1068–1073. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hewa, T.M.P.; Tannock, G.A.; Mainwaring, D.E.; Harrison, S.; Fecondo, J.V. The detection of influenza A and B viruses in clinical specimens using a quartz crystal microbalance. J. Virol. Methods 2009, 162, 14–21. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, D.J.; Wang, J.P.; Wang, R.H.; Li, Y.B.; Abi-Ghanem, D.; Berghman, L.; Hargis, B.; Lu, H.G. A nanobeads amplified QCM immunosensor for the detection of avian influenza virus H5N1. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2011, 26, 4146–4154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Owen, T.W.; Al-Kaysi, R.O.; Bardeen, C.J.; Cheng, Q. Microgravimetric immunosensor for direct detection of aerosolized influenza A virus particles. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2007, 126, 691–699. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, R.H.; Li, Y.B. Hydrogel based QCM aptasensor for detection of avian influenza virus. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2013, 42, 148–155. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nguyen, T.H.; Ung, T.D.T.; Vu, T.H.; Tran, T.K.C.; Dong, V.Q.; Dinh, D.K.; Nguyen, Q.L. Fluorescence biosensor based on CdTe quantum dots for specific detection of H5N1 avian influenza virus. Adv. Nat. Sci. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 1–5. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Y.; Deng, Z.T.; Yue, J.C.; Tang, F.Q.; Wei, Q. Using cadmium telluride quantum dots as a proton flux sensor and applying to detect H9 avian influenza virus. Anal. Biochem. 2007, 364, 122–127. [Google Scholar]
- Lai, W.A.; Lin, C.H.; Yang, Y.S.; Lu, M.S.C. Ultrasensitive and label-free detection of pathogenic avian influenza DNA by using CMOS impedimetric sensors. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2012, 35, 456–460. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Diouani, M.F.; Helali, S.; Hafaid, I.; Hassen, W.M.; Snoussi, M.A.; Ghram, A.; Jaffrezic-Renault, N.; Abdelghani, A. Miniaturized biosensor for avian influenza virus detection. Mater. Sci. Eng. C Biomim. Supramol. Syst. 2008, 28, 580–583. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kamikawa, T.L.; Mikolajczyk, M.G.; Kennedy, M.; Zhang, P.; Wang, W.; Scott, D.E.; Alocilja, E.C. Nanoparticle-based biosensor for the detection of emerging pandemic influenza strains. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2010, 26, 1346–1352. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Labib, M.; Zamay, A.S.; Muharemagic, D.; Chechik, A.V.; Bell, J.C.; Berezoyski, M.V. Aptamer-Based Viability Impedimetric Sensor for Viruses. Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 1813–1816. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Labib, M.; Zamay, A.S.; Muharemagic, D.; Chechik, A.; Bell, J.C.; Berezovski, M.V. Electrochemical Sensing of Aptamer-Facilitated Virus Immunoshielding. Anal. Chem. 2012, 84, 1677–1686. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Varshney, M.; Li, Y.B. Interdigitated array microelectrodes based impedance biosensors for detection of bacterial cells. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2009, 24, 2951–2960. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Whitesides, G.M. The origins and the future of microfluidics. Nature 2006, 442, 368–373. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lin, J.H.; Wang, R.H.; Jiao, P.R.; Li, Y.T.; Li, Y.B.; Liao, M.; Yu, Y.D.; Wang, M.H. An impedance immunosensor based on low-cost microelectrodes and specific monoclonal antibodies for rapid detection of avian influenza virus H5N1 in chicken swabs. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2015, 67, 546–552. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lum, J.; Wang, R.H.; Lassiter, K.; Srinivasan, B.; Abi-Ghanem, D.; Berghman, L.; Hargis, B.; Tung, S.; Lu, H.G.; Li, Y.B. Rapid detection of avian influenza H5N1 virus using impedance measurement of immuno-reaction coupled with RBC amplification. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2012, 38, 67–73. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Spangler, B.D.; Wilkinson, E.A.; Murphy, J.T.; Tyler, B.J. Comparison of the Spreeta (R) surface plasmon resonance sensor and a quartz crystal microbalance for detection of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. Anal. Chim. Acta 2001, 444, 149–161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rozlosnik, N. New directions in medical biosensors employing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene) derivative-based electrodes. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2009, 395, 637–645. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jeon, S.H.; Kayhan, B.; Ben-Yedidia, T.; Arnon, R. A DNA aptamer prevents influenza infection by blocking the receptor binding region of the viral hemagglutinin. J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279, 48410–48419. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Shiratori, I.; Akitomi, J.; Boltz, D.A.; Horii, K.; Furuichi, M.; Waga, I. Selection of DNA aptamers that bind to influenza A viruses with high affinity and broad subtype specificity. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2014, 443, 37–41. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yang, P.; De Cian, A.; Teulade-Fichou, M.P.; Mergny, J.L.; Monchaud, D. Engineering Bisquinolinium/Thiazole Orange Conjugates for Fluorescent Sensing of G-Quadruplex DNA. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 2188–2191. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hurt, A.C.; Alexander, R.; Hibbert, J.; Deed, N.; Barr, I.G. Performance of six influenza rapid tests in detecting human influenza in clinical specimens. J. Clin. Virol. 2007, 39, 132–135. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ozer, T.; Geiss, B.J.; Henry, C.S. Review-Chemical and Biological Sensors for Viral Detection. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2019, 167, 037523. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Bhardwaj, J.; Chaudhary, N.; Kim, H.; Jang, J. Subtyping of influenza A H1N1 virus using a label-free electrochemical biosensor based on the DNA aptamer targeting the stem region of HA protein. Anal. Chim. Acta 2019, 1064, 94–103. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bhardwaj, J.; Sharma, A.; Jang, J. Vertical flow-based paper immunosensor for rapid electrochemical and colorimetric detection of influenza virus using a different pore size sample pad. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2019, 126, 36–43. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kushwaha, A.; Takamura, Y.; Nishigaki, K.; Biyani, M. Competitive non-SELEX for the selective and rapid enrichment of DNA aptamers and its use in electrochemical aptasensor. Sci. Rep. 2019, 9, 6642. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|
|
|
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Wędrowska, E.; Wandtke, T.; Piskorska, E.; Kopiński, P. The Latest Achievements in the Construction of Influenza Virus Detection Aptasensors. Viruses 2020, 12, 1365. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121365
Wędrowska E, Wandtke T, Piskorska E, Kopiński P. The Latest Achievements in the Construction of Influenza Virus Detection Aptasensors. Viruses. 2020; 12(12):1365. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121365
Chicago/Turabian StyleWędrowska, Ewelina, Tomasz Wandtke, Elżbieta Piskorska, and Piotr Kopiński. 2020. "The Latest Achievements in the Construction of Influenza Virus Detection Aptasensors" Viruses 12, no. 12: 1365. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121365