Evaluation of the Effect of Thermo-Oxidative Aging and UV Radiation on Asphalt Stiffness
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Test Methods
2.1.1. Short-Term and Long-Term Aging
2.1.2. UV Radiation Exposure
2.1.3. Stiffness Modulus
2.1.4. Indirect Tensile Strength
2.2. Asphalt Materials
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
- thermo-oxidative ageing affects the asphalt stiffness modulus, the stiffness modulus increases with increasing aging intensity,
- the ageing effect is statistically significant for mixtures with the PMB45/80-75 bitumen used (p-value < 0.001),
- loose mixture ageing (with greater total area exposed to the effect) is more homogenous aging with high oxidation rate for both tested asphalts, although the results of long-term ageing of the 50/70 mixture by both methods were very similar,
- exposure to UV radiation changed the stiffness modulus of asphalt with 50/70 by an average of 13.7% and asphalt with PMB45/80-75 by 27.4%, out of a total of 600 h of UV exposure, the greatest change occurred after the second 200 h of exposure for the asphalt 50/70 and after the first 200 h of exposure for the asphalt PMB45/80-75,
- accelerated water conditioning reduces the indirect tensile strength of asphalt specimens by an average of 7.8% and 8.7% for AC11 50/70 and AC11 PMB 45/80-75, respectively, with the highest values for LTA-1 loose mixture ageing of 17.2% and 9.6%, respectively.
- statistical analysis has shown no statistically significant differences between the mean values of the indirect tensile strengths of AC11 PMB 45/80-75 specimens with different degrees of aging.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Asphalt Mixture | AC 11 50/70; AC 11 PMB 45/80-75 | |
---|---|---|
IT-CY at 10, 20, 30 °C | ITSd, ITSw at 20 °C | |
Unaged | × | × |
STA | × | × |
LTA-1 (loose mixture) | × | × |
LTA-2 (compacted specimen) | × | × |
Unaged+UV (200, 400, 600 h) | × | - |
LTA-1+UV (200, 400, 600 h) | × | - |
LTA-2+UV (200, 400, 600 h) | × | - |
Spectral Bandpass Wavelength λ (nm) | Minimum Percent | Benchmark Solar Radiation Percent | Maximum Percent |
---|---|---|---|
λ < 290 | 0.15 | ||
290 ≤ λ ≤ 320 | 2.6 | 5.8 | 7.9 |
320 < λ ≤ 360 | 28.3 | 40.4 | 40.0 |
360 < λ < 400 | 54.2 | 54.2 | 67.6 |
Sieve Size [mm] | 0.063 | 0.125 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 11.2 | 16 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Passing [%] | 6.5 | 8.6 | 10.5 | 13.4 | 21.1 | 34.7 | 52.0 | 78.8 | 97.1 | 100 |
Parameter | Test Method | 50/70 | 45/80-75 |
---|---|---|---|
Penetration at 25 °C (0.1 mm) | EN 1426 | 61.7 | 54.4 |
Softening point (°C) | EN 1427 | 48 | 81 |
Dynamic viscosity at 135 °C (Pa.s) at 165 °C (Pa.s) | EN 13302 | 575.6 137.8 | 2236.0 553.7 |
Effect | Test Temperature | AC11 50/70 | AC11 PMB45/80-75 |
---|---|---|---|
p-Value (df = 15) | |||
20 °C | 0.009 | <0.001 | |
Effect of aging | 10 °C | 0.225 | <0.001 |
30 °C | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
20 °C | 0.270 | <0.001 | |
Effect of LTA method | 10 °C | 0.209 | 0.005 |
30 °C | 0.449 | <0.001 |
Ageing Rate | Mixture | Model | Adjusted R2; p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
STA | AC 50/70 | E(predicted) = 0.701·E(unaged) − 163.06·T + 6263.39 | 0.99; 4.76 × 10−15 |
AC PMB | E(predicted) = 0.872·E(unaged) − 110.80·T + 3773.94 | 0.98; 4.82 × 10−12 | |
LTA-1 | AC 50/70 | E(predicted) = 0.415·E(unaged) − 308.28·T + 12,316.62 | 0.99; 2.52 × 10−14 |
AC PMB | E(predicted) = 0.252·E(unaged) − 339.35·T + 12,930.36 | 0.97; 2.15 × 10−11 | |
LTA-1+UV | AC 50/70 | E(predicted) = 0.719·E(unaged) − 193.87·T + 1.07·UV + 7407.07 | 0.99; 2.15 × 10−19 |
AC PMB | E(predicted) = 0.816·E(unaged) − 160.33·T + 1.45·UV + 6648.82 | 0.99; 1.12 × 10−20 |
Effect | AC11 50/70 | AC11 PMB 45/80-75 |
---|---|---|
p-Value | ||
Effect of aging (ITSd values) | 0.109 | 0.345 |
Effect of aging (ITSw values) | 0.217 | 0.672 |
Effect of aging and water | 0.046 | 0.949 |
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Remisova, E.; Briliak, D. Evaluation of the Effect of Thermo-Oxidative Aging and UV Radiation on Asphalt Stiffness. Materials 2023, 16, 3716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103716
Remisova E, Briliak D. Evaluation of the Effect of Thermo-Oxidative Aging and UV Radiation on Asphalt Stiffness. Materials. 2023; 16(10):3716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103716
Chicago/Turabian StyleRemisova, Eva, and Dusan Briliak. 2023. "Evaluation of the Effect of Thermo-Oxidative Aging and UV Radiation on Asphalt Stiffness" Materials 16, no. 10: 3716. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16103716