Proposition for Determining the Residual Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composite
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Test Materials
- -
- aggregate + cement + silica dust—2 min.
- -
- aggregate + cement + silica dust + water and plasticizer—4 min.
- -
- aggregate + cement + silica dust + water and plasticizer + steel fibers—4 min.
3. Methodology of Research and Test Elements
3.1. Beam Elements
3.2. Plate Elements
4. Test Results and Their Analysis
5. Proposition for Determining the Residual Strengths
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
CMOD | crack mouth opening displacement |
SFRWSC | steel fiber-reinforced waste sand concrete |
F | load |
E | bending energy |
Ep | theoretical bending energy of the plate |
Eb | theoretical bending energy of the beam |
Epexp | experimental bending energy of the plate |
Ebexp | experimental bending energy of the beam |
fR.1fR.2fR.3fR.4 | residual strength determined in accordance with relevant standard for CMOD = 0.5 mm, 1.5 mm, 3.5 mm, and 3.5 mm |
hsp | distance between the tip of the notch and the test specimen in the mid-span section |
l | length of span |
b | width of the beam |
δ | deflection |
δb | theoretical deflection at the center of the beam |
δp | theoretical deflection at the center of the plate |
δb.exp | experimental deflection at the center of the beam |
δp.exp | experimental deflection at the center of the plate |
s | standard deviation |
coefficient of variation |
References
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Statistical Parameters | fR.1 | fR.2 | fR.3 | fR.4 | fLOP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CMOD (mm) | |||||
0.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 3.5 | ||
Mean value (MPa) | 9.27 | 8.80 | 7.87 | 6.98 | 6.34 |
Standard deviation: s (MPa) | 1.20 | 1.29 | 1.25 | 1.16 | 0.67 |
Coefficient of Variation: v (%) | 13 | 15 | 15 | 17 | 11 |
Minimal value (MPa) | 7.30 | 6.68 | 5.82 | 5.07 | 5.24 |
Confidence interval (MPa) | 8.82 ÷ 9.74 | 8.30 ÷ 9.28 | 7.39 ÷ 8.34 | 6.53 ÷ 7.42 | 6.09 ÷ 6.60 |
fR.3/fR.1 | 0.79 | ||||
fR.1/fLOP | 1.39 | ||||
Classification of fiber composite according to fib Model Code 2010 [30]: 7b |
Specimen | Maximum Load: Fmax (kN) | for Fmax (mm) | Energy E for Fmax (J) | Energy Absorption Capacity Epexp (J) |
---|---|---|---|---|
P1 | 111.1 | 4.4 | 450 | 2084 |
P2 | 121.4 | 3.0 | 280 | 1822 |
P3 | 116.2 | 3.6 | 330 | 1924 |
P4 | 132.6 | 4.4 | 470 | 2102 |
P5 | 119.4 | 3.4 | 310 | 1818 |
P6 | 116.3 | 3.8 | 340 | 1923 |
Mean value | 119.5 | 3.77 | 360 | 1945 |
Statistical Parameters | Energy Absorption Capacity Epexp |
---|---|
Mean value (J) | 1945 |
Standard deviation, s (J) | 113 |
Coefficient of variation, v (%) | 6 |
Minimal value (J) | 1818 |
Confidence interval (J) | 1815 ÷ 2075 |
CMOD (mm) | Deflection (mm) | Experimental Deflection (mm) | Energy Absorption Capacity (J) |
---|---|---|---|
δb = 0.85 · CMOD + 0.04 [30] | δb.exp | Ebexp | |
0.5 | 0.46 | 0.48 | 11.3 |
1.5 | 1.31 | 1.34 | 35.6 |
2.5 | 2.16 | 2.17 | 58.3 |
3.5 | 3.00 | 2.99 | 72.4 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Deflection δp (mm) | Plate Bending Energy (J) | Beam Bending Energy (J) | Beam Deflection δb (mm)/CMOD (mm) | Load Fj (kN) | Residual Flexural Tensile Strengths (MPa) | |
Epexp | Eb | Ebexp | ||||
3.5 | 343.6 | 13.1 | 11.3 | 0.46/0.5 | 27.8 | fR.1 = 8.89 |
10 | 977.4 | 37.1 | 35.6 | 1.31/1.5 | 28.1 | fR.2 = 9.00 |
15 | 1384.4 | 52.6 | 58.3 | 2.16/2.5 | 24.2 | fR.3 = 7.76 |
21 | 1762.8 | 67.5 | 72.4 | 3.02/3.5 | 22.4 | fR.4 = 7.16 |
Vf(%) | Residual Flexural Tensile Strength (MPa) | Values Obtained in Own Research and According to [49] | Values Obtained on the Basis of Calculations According to Own Procedure | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean Value (MPa) | Standard Deviation: s (MPa) | Coefficient of Variation: v (%) | Confidence Interval (MPa) | Mean Value (MPa) | Standard Deviation: s (MPa) | Coefficient of Variation: v (%) | ||
1.2 | fR.1 | 9.27 | 1.2 | 13 | 8.82 ÷ 9.74 | 8.89 | 0.5 | 5 |
fR.2 | 8.80 | 1.29 | 15 | 8.30 ÷ 9.28 | 9.00 | 0.1 | 1 | |
fR.3 | 7.87 | 1.25 | 15 | 7.39 ÷ 8.34 | 7.76 | 0.4 | 5 | |
fR.4 | 6.98 | 1.16 | 17 | 6.53 ÷ 7.42 | 7.16 | 0.5 | 6 | |
0.9 [49] | fR.1 | 7.08 | 1.2 | 16 | 6.16 ÷ 8.00 | 7.11 | 0.5 | 8 |
fR.2 | 6.96 | 0.94 | 13 | 6.24 ÷ 7.68 | 7.68 | 0.1 | 1 | |
fR.3 | 6.37 | 0.95 | 14 | 5.65 ÷ 7.10 | 6.70 | 0.2 | 3 | |
fR.4 | 5.72 | 0.86 | 14 | 5.06 ÷ 6.37 | 6.17 | 0.2 | 4 | |
0.5 [49] | fR.1 | 4.51 | 0.56 | 12 | 4.07 ÷ 4.96 | 4.64 | 0.3 | 7 |
fR.2 | 4.72 | 0.58 | 12 | 4.26 ÷ 5.17 | 5.15 | 0.2 | 4 | |
fR.3 | 4.61 | 0.48 | 10 | 4.24 ÷ 4.99 | 4.67 | 0.2 | 5 | |
fR.4 | 4.38 | 0.50 | 11 | 3.99 ÷ 4.77 | 4.29 | 0.3 | 6 |
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Głodkowska, W.; Laskowska-Bury, J. Proposition for Determining the Residual Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composite. Materials 2022, 15, 7546. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217546
Głodkowska W, Laskowska-Bury J. Proposition for Determining the Residual Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composite. Materials. 2022; 15(21):7546. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217546
Chicago/Turabian StyleGłodkowska, Wiesława, and Joanna Laskowska-Bury. 2022. "Proposition for Determining the Residual Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Cement Composite" Materials 15, no. 21: 7546. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15217546