Digital Image Correlation Characterization and Formability Analysis of Aluminum Alloy TWB during Forming
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedures
2.1. Base Materials and Welding Conditions
2.2. Limiting Dome Height Tests
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Strain and Displacement Distribution and Evolution
3.2. Punch Loading—Punch Stroke Curve and Formability
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The formability of aluminum TWBs during LDH testing can be accurately determined with the assistance of digital image correlation techniques and the software ARAMIS.
- (2)
- The distribution of strain of AA5754 TWBs produced via FSW in LDH testing is symmetrical along the section perpendicular to the weld seam when the thickness of both sides of the base material are the same, regardless of the thickness of the sheet. As such, no asymmetry associated with welding was found during the evaluation. Furthermore, as long as the sheet thickness on each side of the weld was similar, no asymmetry in strain distribution was reported.
- (3)
- Increasing the sheet thickness of the aluminum TWB led to a commensurate increase in the LDH value, the strain at fracture and the load at fracture. These increases were not all linearly related with the increase in sheet thickness of the material.
- (4)
- Increases in LDH values of aluminum TWBs are approximately linearly related to the increase in sheet thickness with a coefficient of determination (R2 value) of 0.94.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Al | Si | Mn | Mg | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bal. | 0.4 | 0.5 | 2.6–3.2 | 0.4 |
Tensile Strength, MPa | Yield Strength, MPa | Elongation, % | Vickers Hardness |
---|---|---|---|
215 | 140 | 20 | 67.2 |
Thickness (mm) | Punch Loading (kN) | LDH (mm) | Maximum Strain | Stage |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.2 | 65.285 | 24.26 | 41.5 | 78 |
2.7 | 88.777 | 26.44 | 46.2 | 80 |
3.0 | 118.375 | 29.50 | 48.5 | 82 |
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Wu, J.; Hovanski, Y.; Miles, M. Digital Image Correlation Characterization and Formability Analysis of Aluminum Alloy TWB during Forming. Materials 2022, 15, 5291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155291
Wu J, Hovanski Y, Miles M. Digital Image Correlation Characterization and Formability Analysis of Aluminum Alloy TWB during Forming. Materials. 2022; 15(15):5291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155291
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Jie, Yuri Hovanski, and Michael Miles. 2022. "Digital Image Correlation Characterization and Formability Analysis of Aluminum Alloy TWB during Forming" Materials 15, no. 15: 5291. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155291