A Comparative Analysis of Forming Railway Axles in 3- and 4-Roll Rolling Mills
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Scope of Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Rolling of Solid Axles
3.2. Rolling of Hollow Axles
4. Experimental Verification
5. Conclusions
- both hollow and solid railway axles can be successfully skew rolled in both 3- and 4-roll rolling mills;
- skew rolling in a CNC rolling mill is highly effective and universal, and the forming forces and torques in this process are relatively low;
- Skew-rolled hollow axles must be re-calibrated in order to form end steps;
- The axles formed in a 4-roll rolling mill undergo a more significant elongation than those produced in a machine with 3 tools; this results in a smaller defect of the cross section (solid axles) or a lower thickness of the wall (hollow axles);
- Skew rolling in a 4-roll mill is less energy-consuming (by approximately 20–25%), with lower loads on the roll (by approximately 20–40%) and higher loads on the chuck (by approximately 25–50%);
- Experimental verification of the numerical model of the analyzed skew-rolling process (performed under laboratory conditions at the Lublin University of Technology) has confirmed the correctness of the numerical results.
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Rolling Mill | Energy Component, kJ | Total Energy, kJ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Rotational Motion of the Rolls | Radial Motion of the Rolls | Axial Motion of the Chuck | ||
3-roll | 3 × 5195.9 | 3 × 52.8 | 96.2 | 15,842.3 |
4-roll | 4 × 2878.2 | 4 × 43.7 | 134.8 | 11,822.4 |
Type of Rolling Mill | Energy Component, kJ | Total Energy, kJ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Rotational Motion of the Rolls | Radial Motion of the Rolls | Axial Motion of the Chuck | ||
3-roll | 3 × 2550.2 | 3 × 30.1 | 37.9 | 7778.8 |
4-roll | 4 × 1504.8 | 4 × 26.8 | 66.3 | 6192.7 |
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Pater, Z. A Comparative Analysis of Forming Railway Axles in 3- and 4-Roll Rolling Mills. Materials 2020, 13, 3084. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143084
Pater Z. A Comparative Analysis of Forming Railway Axles in 3- and 4-Roll Rolling Mills. Materials. 2020; 13(14):3084. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143084
Chicago/Turabian StylePater, Zbigniew. 2020. "A Comparative Analysis of Forming Railway Axles in 3- and 4-Roll Rolling Mills" Materials 13, no. 14: 3084. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143084