Figure 1.
(a) Operating principle, (b) components of the µPSC, (c) photo image of the fabricated µPSC, (d) dimensions of the µPSC.
Figure 1.
(a) Operating principle, (b) components of the µPSC, (c) photo image of the fabricated µPSC, (d) dimensions of the µPSC.
Figure 2.
(a) Electrical equivalent circuit of the single µPSC, (b) equivalent circuit of two µPSCs in series connection, (c) equivalent circuit of two µPSCs in parallel connection, (d) equivalent circuit of P3 (S2, S2, S2) configuration.
Figure 2.
(a) Electrical equivalent circuit of the single µPSC, (b) equivalent circuit of two µPSCs in series connection, (c) equivalent circuit of two µPSCs in parallel connection, (d) equivalent circuit of P3 (S2, S2, S2) configuration.
Figure 3.
(a) SA6 configuration of µPSCs (b) PA6 configuration of µPSCs (c) Combinatory configuration—1 (CC-1) of µPSCs, four combinations ([P3 (S2, S2, S2)], [P2 (S3, S3)], [P2 (S4, S2)], [P2 (S5, S1)]) (d) combinatory configuration—2 of µPSCs, four combinations ([S3 (P2, P2, P2)], [S2 (P3, P3)], [S2 (P4, P2)], [S2 (P5, P1)]).
Figure 3.
(a) SA6 configuration of µPSCs (b) PA6 configuration of µPSCs (c) Combinatory configuration—1 (CC-1) of µPSCs, four combinations ([P3 (S2, S2, S2)], [P2 (S3, S3)], [P2 (S4, S2)], [P2 (S5, S1)]) (d) combinatory configuration—2 of µPSCs, four combinations ([S3 (P2, P2, P2)], [S2 (P3, P3)], [S2 (P4, P2)], [S2 (P5, P1)]).
Figure 4.
Photo image of the array configurations of the µPSCs. (a) PA6 configuration (b) S2 (P3,P3) configuration.
Figure 4.
Photo image of the array configurations of the µPSCs. (a) PA6 configuration (b) S2 (P3,P3) configuration.
Figure 5.
Normalized I-V characteristics of SA6 configuration, (a) SA1 configuration, (b) SA2 configuration, (c) SA3 configuration, (d) SA4 configuration, (e) SA5 configuration, (f) SA6 configuration. Red circle lines represent the experimental results; black squares represent the simulated (predicted values).
Figure 5.
Normalized I-V characteristics of SA6 configuration, (a) SA1 configuration, (b) SA2 configuration, (c) SA3 configuration, (d) SA4 configuration, (e) SA5 configuration, (f) SA6 configuration. Red circle lines represent the experimental results; black squares represent the simulated (predicted values).
Figure 6.
Normalized I-V characteristics of CC-1 configuration. (a) [P2(S2, S2, S2)] configuration (b) [P2(S3, S3)] configuration (c) [P2(S4, S2)] configuration (d) [P2 (S5, S1)] configuration. The red circles represent the experimental results; black squares represent the simulated (predicted values).
Figure 6.
Normalized I-V characteristics of CC-1 configuration. (a) [P2(S2, S2, S2)] configuration (b) [P2(S3, S3)] configuration (c) [P2(S4, S2)] configuration (d) [P2 (S5, S1)] configuration. The red circles represent the experimental results; black squares represent the simulated (predicted values).
Figure 7.
Normalized I-P characteristic curves SA6 configuration. (a) SA1 configuration, (b) SA2 configuration, (c) SA3 configuration, (d) SA4 configuration, (e) SA5 configuration, (f) SA6 configuration. The circles represent the experimental results; black squares represent the simulated (predicted values).
Figure 7.
Normalized I-P characteristic curves SA6 configuration. (a) SA1 configuration, (b) SA2 configuration, (c) SA3 configuration, (d) SA4 configuration, (e) SA5 configuration, (f) SA6 configuration. The circles represent the experimental results; black squares represent the simulated (predicted values).
Figure 8.
Variation of Pmp of predicted and experimental results of all four array configurations. (a) SA6 configuration, (b) PA6 configuration, (c) CC-1 configuration, (d) CC-2 configuration.
Figure 8.
Variation of Pmp of predicted and experimental results of all four array configurations. (a) SA6 configuration, (b) PA6 configuration, (c) CC-1 configuration, (d) CC-2 configuration.
Table 1.
Real-time predicted and experimental Voc, Isc, and Pmp of SA6 configurations.
Table 1.
Real-time predicted and experimental Voc, Isc, and Pmp of SA6 configurations.
Array | (Voc) mV | (Isc) µA | (Pmp) µW |
---|
Predicted | Experimental | Predicted | Experimental | Predicted | Experimental |
---|
SA1 | 848.6 | 780 | 800 | 820 | 180 | 186 |
SA2 | 1697 | 1404 | 800 | 500 | 314 | 202 |
SA3 | 2545 | 2101 | 800 | 370 | 472 | 271 |
SA4 | 3394 | 3000 | 800 | 340 | 629 | 285 |
SA5 | 4243 | 3700 | 800 | 334 | 786 | 330 |
SA6 | 5091 | 4200 | 800 | 410 | 944 | 474 |
Table 2.
Real-time predicted and experimental Voc, Isc, and Pmp of PA6 configurations.
Table 2.
Real-time predicted and experimental Voc, Isc, and Pmp of PA6 configurations.
Array | (Voc) mV | (Isc) µA | (Pmp) µW |
---|
Predicted | Experimental | Predicted | Experimental | Predicted | Experimental |
---|
PA1 | 848.6 | 780 | 800 | 820 | 180 | 186 |
PA2 | 848.6 | 725 | 1600 | 880 | 314 | 183.96 |
PA3 | 848.6 | 765 | 2400 | 1480 | 472 | 308.7 |
PA4 | 848.6 | 675 | 3200 | 1700 | 629 | 256 |
PA5 | 848.6 | 736 | 4000 | 2400 | 786 | 496.2 |
PA6 | 848.6 | 730 | 4800 | 2600 | 944 | 412.5 |
Table 3.
Real-time predicted and experimental Voc, Isc, and Pmp of CC-1 configurations.
Table 3.
Real-time predicted and experimental Voc, Isc, and Pmp of CC-1 configurations.
CC-1 | (Voc) mV | (Isc) µA | (Pmp) µW |
---|
P | E | P | E | P | E |
---|
P3 (S2,S2,S2) | 1839 | 1550 | 2400 | 1760 | 985 | 616 |
P2 (S3,S3) | 2741 | 2430 | 1600 | 1220 | 1026 | 624 |
P2 (S4,S2) | 2438 | 2800 | 1600 | 1230 | 912 | 396 |
P2 (S5,S1) | 1526 | 1302 | 1600 | 800 | 570 | 246 |
Table 4.
Real time predicted and experimental Voc, Isc, and Pmp of CC-2 configurations.
Table 4.
Real time predicted and experimental Voc, Isc, and Pmp of CC-2 configurations.
CC-2 | (Voc) | (Isc) | (Pmp) |
---|
P | E | P | E | P | E |
---|
S3 (P2, P2, P2) | 2741 | 2300 | 1600 | 1390 | 1026 | 869 |
S2 (P3, P3) | 1839 | 1475 | 2400 | 2100 | 985 | 926 |
S2 (P4, P2) | 1833 | 1680 | 1600 | 1820 | 887 | 777 |
S2 (P5, P1) | 1826 | 1530 | 800 | 960 | 561 | 141 |
Table 5.
Fill factor of all array configurations.
Table 5.
Fill factor of all array configurations.
Array | FF | Array | FF |
---|
SA1 | 0.267 | PA1 | 0.267 |
SA2 | 0.245 | PA2 | 0.233 |
SA3 | 0.236 | PA3 | 0.234 |
SA4 | 0.238 | PA4 | 0.234 |
SA5 | 0.233 | PA5 | 0.233 |
SA6 | 0.236 | PA6 | 0.234 |
S3 (P2, P2, P2) | 0.237 | P3 (S2, S2, S2) | 0.228 |
S2 (P3, P3) | 0.228 | P2 (S3, S3) | 0.237 |
S2 (P4, P2) | 0.307 | P2 (S4, S2) | 0.237 |
S2 (P5, P1) | 0.389 | P2 (S5, S1) | 0.237 |