Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Adolescents’ Self-Perceived Need for Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Collection Instruments
2.2. Clinical Examination
2.3. Training and Calibration
2.4. Pilot Study
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Quantitative Variable | Mean (Standard Deviation) | |
---|---|---|
Number of anterior teeth with active caries | 1.62 (2.04) | |
Categorical variables | Frequency | |
N | % | |
Sex | ||
Female | 444 | 59.5 |
Male | 302 | 40.5 |
Mother’s schooling a | ||
≥8 years of study | 443 | 59.7 |
<8 years of study | 299 | 40.3 |
Monthly family income b | ||
>USD 240 | 261 | 49.0 |
≤USD 240 | 272 | 51.0 |
Self-declared skin color | ||
White | 211 | 28.3 |
Non-white | 535 | 71.7 |
Tooth pain c | ||
No | 456 | 61.9 |
Yes | 281 | 38.1 |
Loss of first molar | ||
No | 640 | 85.8 |
Yes | 106 | 14.2 |
Family cohesion | ||
Disengaged | 344 | 46.1 |
Separated | 266 | 35.7 |
Connected | 121 | 16.2 |
Enmeshed | 15 | 2.0 |
Self-perceived treatment need d | ||
No | 77 | 11.4 |
Yes | 597 | 88.6 |
Contextual variable | ||
Type of school | ||
Private | 249 | 33.4 |
Public | 4 97 | 66.6 |
Self-Perceived Treatment Need | Unadjusted OR ** | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Categorical Variables | Yes n (%) | No n (%) | 95% CI | p-Value |
Sex | ||||
Female | 363 (90.3) | 39 (9.7) | 1.00 | - |
Male | 234 (86.0) | 38 (14.0) | 1.05 (0.99–1.11) | 0.09 |
Mother’s schooling | ||||
≥8 years of study | 345 (58.0) | 47 (61.8) | 1.00 | - |
<8 years of study | 250 (42.0) | 29 (38.2) | 1.01 (0.96–1.07) | 0.51 |
Monthly family income | ||||
>USD 240 | 202 (87.1) | 30 (12.9) | 1.00 | - |
≤USD 240 | 235 (91.4) | 22 (8.6) | 1.05 (0.98–1.11) | 0.11 |
Self-declared skin color | ||||
White | 165 (88.7) | 21 (11.3) | 1.00 | - |
Non-white | 432 (88.5) | 56 (11.5) | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) | 0.94 |
Tooth pain | ||||
No | 341 (85.3) | 59 (14.8) | 1.00 | - |
Yes | 249 (93.3) | 18 (6.7) | 1.10 (1.03–1.17) | <0.001 |
Loss of first molar | ||||
No | 496 (86.7) | 1 (1.0) | 1.00 | - |
Yes | 101 (99.0) | 76 (13.1) | 1.11 (1.06–1.17) | <0.001 |
Family cohesion | ||||
Disengaged | 282 (89.5) | 33 (10.5) | 1.10 (1.05–1.15) | <0.001 |
Separated | 208 (86.3) | 33 (13.7) | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) | 0.83 |
Connected | 94 (89.5) | 11 (10.5) | 0.97 (0.90–1.04) | 0.47 |
Enmeshed | 13 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.00 | - |
Contextual variable | ||||
Type of school | ||||
Private | 176 (83.0) | 36 (17.0) | 1.00 | - |
Public | 421 (91.1) | 41 (8.9) | 1.09 (1.02–1.17) | <0.001 |
Quantitative variable | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
Number of anterior teeth with active caries | 1.04 (1.86) | 0.51 (1.02) | 1.26 (1.07–1.49) | <0.001 |
Model 2 OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Model 3 OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 0.79 (0.70–0.88) | 0.73 (0.62–0.85) | ||
Individual variables | ||||
Sex | ||||
Female | - | - | - | - |
Male | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | 0.630 | 1.02 (0.94–1.11) | 0.517 |
Monthly family income | ||||
>USD 240 | - | - | - | - |
≤USD 240 | 1.11 (1.02–1.20) | 0.012 | 1.02 (0.95–1.10) | 0.470 |
Tooth pain | ||||
No | - | - | - | - |
Yes | 1.07 (1.00–1.16) | 0.049 | 1.08 (1.00–1.16) | 0.039 * |
Loss of first molar | ||||
No | - | - | - | - |
Yes | 1.12 (1.06–1.19) | < 0.001 | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) | 0.003 * |
Family cohesion | ||||
Disengaged | 1.11 (0.99–1.25) | 0.061 | 1.15 (1.01–1.31) | 0.032 * |
Separated | 0.97 (0.86–1.09) | 0.652 | 0.99 (0.87–1.12 | 0.894 |
Connected | 0.98 (0.89–1.07) | 0.672 | 0.99 (0.90–1.09) | 0.934 |
Enmeshed | - | - | - | - |
Number of anterior teeth with active caries | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 0.452 | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.619 |
Contextual variable | ||||
Type of school | ||||
Private | - | - | - | - |
Public | - | - | 1.17 (1.02–1.33) | 0.018 * |
Deviance (−2 log likelihood) | 48,528.58 | 48,456.88 | 48,456.88 |
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Lopes, R.T.; Neves, É.T.B.; da Costa Dutra, L.; Firmino, R.T.; de Lima, L.C.M.; Paiva, S.M.; Ferreira, F.M.; Granville-Garcia, A.F. Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Adolescents’ Self-Perceived Need for Treatment. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2024, 21, 395. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040395
Lopes RT, Neves ÉTB, da Costa Dutra L, Firmino RT, de Lima LCM, Paiva SM, Ferreira FM, Granville-Garcia AF. Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Adolescents’ Self-Perceived Need for Treatment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2024; 21(4):395. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040395
Chicago/Turabian StyleLopes, Roanny Torres, Érick Tássio Barbosa Neves, Laio da Costa Dutra, Ramon Targino Firmino, Larissa Chaves Morais de Lima, Saul Martins Paiva, Fernanda Morais Ferreira, and Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia. 2024. "Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Adolescents’ Self-Perceived Need for Treatment" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, no. 4: 395. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21040395