Relationship between World Assumptions and Post-Traumatic Growth among Polish Cancer Patients: Moderating Effect of Rumination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Post-Traumatic Growth
1.2. World Assumptions
1.3. Post-Traumatic Growth and World Assumptions
1.4. Intrusive and Deliberate Rumination
1.5. Rumination as a Potential Moderator
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Post-Traumatic Growth and Depreciation Inventory (PTGDI-X)
2.3. World Assumption Scale (WAS)
2.4. Event-Related Rumination Inventory (ERRI)
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Correlations
3.3. Multicollinearity and Confounding Variables
3.4. Moderation
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | |
---|---|
Age (years) | M 37.74 (SD = 13.97) |
Sex | |
Female | 92.60% |
Male | 7.40% |
Marital status | |
Married | 30.20% |
Informal relationship | 31.20% |
Single | 33.50% |
Divorced | 5.10% |
Education | |
Secondary | 38.60% |
High | 61.40% |
Type of Cancer | |
Lung | 7.90% |
Breast | 42.30% |
Pancreatic | 5.60% |
Esophageal | 5.10% |
Stomach | 4.20% |
Prostate | 1.40% |
Testicular | 3.70% |
Liver | 7.40% |
Gynecologic | 22.30% |
Variables | M | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis |
---|---|---|---|---|
Benevolence of the world | 31.49 | 8.05 | −0.151 | −0.092 |
Meaningfulness | 39.76 | 7.8 | −0.211 | −0.057 |
Worthiness of the self | 48.92 | 9.23 | −0.095 | −0.344 |
Post-traumatic growth | 59.11 | 33.86 | −0.033 | −1.171 |
Intrusive rumination | 18.49 | 8.07 | −0.077 | −0.932 |
Deliberate rumination | 18.22 | 7.26 | −0.337 | −0.843 |
Variables | BW | ME | WS | PG | IR | DR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Benevolence of the world (BW) | 1 | |||||
Meaningfulness (ME) | 0.28 *** | 1 | ||||
Worthiness of the self (WS) | 0.70 *** | 0.28 *** | 1 | |||
Post-traumatic growth (PG) | 0.34 *** | 0.34 *** | 0.28 *** | 1 | ||
Intrusive rumination (IR) | −0.06 | −0.04 | −0.04 | −0.15 * | 1 | |
Deliberate rumination (DR) | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.24 *** | 0.54 *** | 1 |
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Szcześniak, M.; Madej, D.; Bielecka, G. Relationship between World Assumptions and Post-Traumatic Growth among Polish Cancer Patients: Moderating Effect of Rumination. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12444. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912444
Szcześniak M, Madej D, Bielecka G. Relationship between World Assumptions and Post-Traumatic Growth among Polish Cancer Patients: Moderating Effect of Rumination. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12444. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912444
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzcześniak, Małgorzata, Daria Madej, and Grażyna Bielecka. 2022. "Relationship between World Assumptions and Post-Traumatic Growth among Polish Cancer Patients: Moderating Effect of Rumination" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12444. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912444