The Relationship between Physical Exercise and Negative Emotions in College Students in the Post-Epidemic Era: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Self-Efficacy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.2.1. Physical Activity Rating Scale
2.2.2. Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale
2.2.3. Depression Self-Rating Scale
2.2.4. Emotional Regulation Self-Efficacy Scale
2.3. Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Control and Inspection of Common Method Deviation
3.2. Participant Characteristics
3.3. Correlation Analysis among Variables
3.4. Analysis of the Mediating Effect of Emotion Regulation Self-Efficacy
4. Discussion
4.1. Analysis of Physical Exercise and Negative Emotions of University Students under Closed Management during the Epidemic
4.2. The Relationship between Physical Activity and Negative Emotions and Emotion Regulation Self-Efficacy among University Students Isolated at School during the Epidemic
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Participant Characteristics | Total (n = 479) | Men (n = 293) | Women (n = 186) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | t | p | |
Age (year) | 19.94 | 1.25 | 19.96 | 1.29 | 19.92 | 1.19 | ||
Physical exercise | 19.08 | 19.28 | 21.44 | 20.70 | 15.37 | 16.18 | 3.396 ** | 0.001 |
Anxiety | 35.76 | 7.38 | 34.68 | 6.63 | 37.47 | 8.16 | −4.097 *** | 0.000 |
Depression | 42.72 | 7.02 | 42.02 | 6.98 | 43.82 | 6.95 | −2.759 ** | 0.006 |
Emotion regulation self-efficacy | 43.04 | 10.26 | 44.15 | 10.23 | 41.30 | 10.09 | 2.977 ** | 0.003 |
Variables | Physical Exercise | Anxiety | Depression | Self-Efficacy |
---|---|---|---|---|
Physical exercise | 1 | |||
Anxiety | −0.236 ** | 1 | ||
Depression | −0.198 ** | 1 | ||
Emotion regulation self-efficacy | 0.256 ** | −0.440 ** | −0.163 ** | 1 |
Variables | Emotion Regulation Self-Efficacy | Anxiety | Total Effect | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | t | β | t | β | t | |
Physical exercise | 0.256 | 5.790 *** | −0.132 | −3.140 ** | −0.236 | −5.315 *** |
Self-efficacy | −0.407 | −9.650 *** | ||||
R2 | 0.657 | 0.210 | 0.056 | |||
F | 33.522 *** | 63.399 *** | 28.247 *** |
Variables | Emotion Regulation Self-Efficacy | Depression | Total Effect | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | t | β | t | β | t | |
Physical exercise | 0.256 | 5.790 *** | −0.167 | −3.613 ** | −0.198 | −4.402 *** |
Self-efficacy | −0.120 | −2.607 *** | ||||
R2 | 0.657 | 0.210 | 0.056 | |||
F | 33.522 *** | 63.399 *** | 28.247 *** |
Effect | Effect Value | Bootstrap 95% CI | Proportion of Relative Effect | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Boot LLCI | Boot ULCI | |||
Total effect | −0.236 | −0.324 | −0.149 | |
Direct effect | −0.132 | −0.215 | −0.050 | 55.93% |
Indirect effect | −0.104 | −0.160 | −0.057 | 44.07% |
Effect | Effect Value | Bootstrap 95% CI | Proportion of Relative Effect | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Boot LLCI | Boot ULCI | |||
Total effect | −0.198 | −0.286 | −0.110 | |
Direct effect | −0.167 | −0.257 | −0.076 | 84.34% |
Indirect effect | −0.031 | −0.072 | −0.001 | 15.66% |
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Tang, S.; Chen, H.; Wang, L.; Lu, T.; Yan, J. The Relationship between Physical Exercise and Negative Emotions in College Students in the Post-Epidemic Era: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Self-Efficacy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12166. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912166
Tang S, Chen H, Wang L, Lu T, Yan J. The Relationship between Physical Exercise and Negative Emotions in College Students in the Post-Epidemic Era: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Self-Efficacy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12166. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912166
Chicago/Turabian StyleTang, Shaohua, Hanwen Chen, Lingzhi Wang, Tianci Lu, and Jun Yan. 2022. "The Relationship between Physical Exercise and Negative Emotions in College Students in the Post-Epidemic Era: The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Self-Efficacy" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12166. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912166