Emotional Dysregulation and Time Structure Mediate the Link between Perceived Stress and Insomnia among Unemployed Young People in China: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Designs, Sampling Procedures, and Participants
2.2. Variables and Measures
2.2.1. Demographic Information
2.2.2. Perceived Stress
2.2.3. Insomnia
2.2.4. Emotional Dysregulation
2.2.5. Time Structure
2.3. Statistical Strategies
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Prevalence of Insomnia
3.3. Correlation Analyses
3.4. Mediation Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Demographic Characteristic | % | N = 511 | Insomnia (ISI ≥ 8) | p (Chi-Squared Test) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 271) | Prevalence (row %) | ||||
Gender | |||||
Men | 61.4 | 314 | 143 | 45.5 | <0.001 |
Women | 38.6 | 197 | 128 | 65.0 | |
Age group (years old) | |||||
16–19 | 21.1 | 108 | 48 | 44.4 | 0.044 |
20–24 | 78.9 | 403 | 223 | 55.3 | |
Place of household registration | |||||
Shanghai | 75.3 | 385 | 203 | 52.7 | 0.809 |
Non-Shanghai | 24.7 | 126 | 68 | 54.0 | |
Educational level | |||||
Primary school and below | 1.2 | 6 | 3 | 50.0 | 0.152 |
Middle school | 20.9 | 107 | 48 | 44.9 | |
High school (including secondary vocational school) | 40.1 | 205 | 106 | 51.7 | |
University | 36.2 | 185 | 108 | 58.4 | |
Graduate school | 1.6 | 8 | 6 | 75.0 | |
Marital Status | |||||
Unmarried | 87.3 | 446 | 231 | 51.8 | 0.251 |
Married | 12.5 | 64 | 39 | 60.9 | |
Divorced or others | 0.2 | 1 | 1 | 100.0 | |
Unemployment registration | |||||
Registered | 27.6 | 141 | 78 | 55.3 | 0.523 |
Not registered | 72.4 | 370 | 193 | 52.2 | |
Duration of unemployment | |||||
1 month<~≤3 months | 8.0 | 41 | 28 | 68.3 | 0.041 |
>3 months | 92.0 | 470 | 243 | 51.7 |
Main Variables | Range | Min | Max | Mean | SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. PS | 0–40 | 5 | 38 | 23.10 | 7.51 | - | |||
2. ED | 16–80 | 26 | 74 | 50.85 | 7.99 | 0.406 | - | ||
3. TS | 26–182 | 36 | 122 | 81.44 | 17.20 | –0.377 | –0.226 | - | |
4. Insomnia | 0–28 | 0 | 22 | 7.91 | 4.23 | 0.428 | 0.462 | –0.359 | - |
No. | Pathways | Effect Value | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lower | Upper | |||
1 | PS—ED—Insomnia | 0.0763 | 0.0539 | 0.1012 |
2 | PS—TS—Insomnia | 0.0422 | 0.0258 | 0.0607 |
3 | PS—Insomnia (Direct effect) | 0.1219 | 0.0749 | 0.1688 |
4 | Total effect | 0.2403 | 0.1959 | 0.2848 |
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Hua, Z.; Ma, D.; Xia, X. Emotional Dysregulation and Time Structure Mediate the Link between Perceived Stress and Insomnia among Unemployed Young People in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 11883. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911883
Hua Z, Ma D, Xia X. Emotional Dysregulation and Time Structure Mediate the Link between Perceived Stress and Insomnia among Unemployed Young People in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):11883. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911883
Chicago/Turabian StyleHua, Zhiya, Dandan Ma, and Xiaoling Xia. 2022. "Emotional Dysregulation and Time Structure Mediate the Link between Perceived Stress and Insomnia among Unemployed Young People in China: A Cross-Sectional Study" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 11883. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911883