Gay Community Stress Scale with Its Cultural Translation and Adaptions in Taiwan
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants and Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Traditional Chinese Version of the Gay Community Stress Scale (GCSS)
2.2.2. External Criterion Measures
Measure of Internalized Sexual Stigma for Lesbians and Gay Men (MISS-LG)
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D)
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n (%) | |
---|---|
Age (year) | |
20–29 | 335 (45.5) |
30–39 | 328 (44.6) |
40–49 | 65 (8.8) |
50 or above | 8 (1.1) |
Ethnicity | |
Han | 728 (98.9) |
Aborigine | 8 (1.1) |
Educational level | |
Senior high or below | 79 (10.7) |
College or university | 520 (70.7) |
Postgraduate | 137 (18.7) |
Sexual orientation | |
Gay | 611 (83.0) |
Bisexual | 125 (17.0) |
Item | n (%) | Mean | SD | Skewness | Kurtosis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Score 1 | Score 2 | Score 3 | Score 4 | Score 5 | |||||
1 | 259 (35.2) | 240 (32.6) | 151 (20.5) | 56 (7.6) | 30 (4.1) | 2.13 | 1.10 | 0.82 | 0.00 |
2 | 228 (31.0) | 202 (27.4) | 179 (24.3) | 87 (11.8) | 40 (5.4) | 2.33 | 1.19 | 0.55 | −0.62 |
3 | 267 (36.3) | 208 (28.3) | 149 (20.2) | 75 (10.2) | 37 (5.0) | 2.19 | 1.18 | 0.73 | −0.39 |
4 | 346 (47.0) | 176 (23.9) | 118 (16.0) | 64 (8.7) | 32 (4.3) | 1.99 | 1.17 | 0.99 | −0.02 |
5 | 304 (41.3) | 167 (22.7) | 125 (17.0) | 88 (12.0) | 52 (7.1) | 2.21 | 1.29 | 0.75 | −0.63 |
6 | 237 (32.2) | 190 (25.8) | 145 (19.7) | 94 (12.8) | 70 (9.5) | 2.42 | 1.31 | 0.56 | −0.83 |
7 | 331 (45.0) | 163 (22.1) | 150 (20.4) | 57 (7.7) | 35 (4.8) | 2.05 | 1.18 | 0.88 | −0.18 |
8 | 351 (47.7) | 161 (21.9) | 127 (17.3) | 61 (8.3) | 36 (4.9) | 2.01 | 1.19 | 0.97 | −0.08 |
9 | 385 (52.3) | 158 (21.5) | 105 (14.3) | 58 (7.9) | 30 (4.1) | 1.90 | 1.16 | 1.14 | 0.28 |
10 | 299 (40.5) | 173 (23.5) | 151 (20.5) | 79 (10.7) | 34 (4.6) | 2.15 | 1.20 | 0.73 | −0.51 |
11 | 336 (45.7) | 189 (25.7) | 109 (14.8) | 67 (9.1) | 35 (4.8) | 2.02 | 1.18 | 0.99 | −0.02 |
12 | 304 (41.3) | 199 (27.0) | 120 (16.3) | 70 (9.5) | 43 (5.8) | 2.12 | 1.21 | 0.89 | −0.22 |
13 | 331 (45.0) | 182 (24.7) | 121 (16.4) | 66 (9.0) | 36 (4.9) | 2.04 | 1.19 | 0.94 | −0.11 |
14 | 317 (43.1) | 187 (25.4) | 119 (16.2) | 56 (7.6) | 57 (7.7) | 2.12 | 1.26 | 0.95 | −0.16 |
15 | 355 (48.2) | 186 (25.3) | 114 (15.5) | 53 (7.2) | 28 (3.8) | 1.93 | 1.13 | 1.09 | 0.31 |
16 | 256 (34.8) | 259 (35.2) | 136 (18.5) | 56 (7.6) | 29 (3.9) | 2.11 | 1.09 | 0.88 | 0.15 |
17 | 317 (43.1) | 219 (29.8) | 117 (15.9) | 57 (7.7) | 26 (3.5) | 1.99 | 1.10 | 1.00 | 0.21 |
18 | 388 (52.7) | 181 (24.6) | 89 (12.1) | 45 (6.1) | 33 (4.5) | 1.85 | 1.13 | 1.30 | 0.84 |
19 | 503 (68.3) | 119 (16.2) | 62 (8.4) | 31 (4.2) | 21 (2.9) | 1.57 | 1.01 | 1.87 | 2.77 |
20 | 402 (54.6) | 140 (19.0) | 99 (13.5) | 52 (7.1) | 43 (5.8) | 1.90 | 1.22 | 1.20 | 0.34 |
21 | 150 (20.4) | 166 (22.6) | 193 (26.2) | 127 (17.3) | 100 (13.6) | 2.81 | 1.31 | 0.17 | −1.06 |
22 | 276 (37.5) | 154 (20.9) | 137 (18.6) | 100 (13.6) | 69 (9.4) | 2.36 | 1.35 | 0.57 | −0.93 |
23 | 229 (31.1) | 196 (26.6) | 152 (20.7) | 87 (11.8) | 72 (9.8) | 2.43 | 1.30 | 0.57 | −0.78 |
24 | 336 (45.7) | 180 (24.5) | 109 (14.8) | 64 (8.7) | 47 (6.4) | 2.06 | 1.24 | 0.99 | −0.10 |
25 | 337 (45.8) | 185 (25.1) | 118 (16.0) | 58 (7.9) | 38 (5.2) | 2.01 | 1.18 | 1.01 | 0.06 |
26 | 334 (45.4) | 187 (25.4) | 105 (14.3) | 54 (7.3) | 56 (7.6) | 2.06 | 1.25 | 1.03 | 0.00 |
27 | 371 (50.4) | 135 (18.3) | 111 (15.1) | 62 (8.4) | 57 (7.7) | 2.05 | 1.30 | 0.99 | −0.24 |
28 | 231 (31.4) | 221 (30.0) | 120 (16.3) | 84 (11.4) | 80 (10.9) | 2.40 | 1.32 | 0.66 | −0.73 |
29 | 242 (32.9) | 190 (25.8) | 146 (19.8) | 87 (11.8) | 17 (9.6) | 2.40 | 1.31 | 0.59 | −0.78 |
30 | 498 (67.7) | 104 (14.1) | 64 (8.7) | 37 (5.0) | 33 (4.5) | 1.65 | 1.12 | 1.73 | 1.97 |
31 | 335 (45.5) | 157 (21.3) | 118 (16.0) | 68 (9.2) | 58 (7.9) | 2.13 | 1.30 | 0.89 | −0.39 |
32 | 464 (63.0) | 136 (18.5) | 78 (10.6) | 26 (3.5) | 32 (4.3) | 1.68 | 1.08 | 1.67 | 2.03 |
33 | 472 (64.1) | 119 (16.2) | 87 (11.8) | 32 (4.3) | 26 (3.5) | 1.67 | 1.07 | 1.60 | 1.72 |
34 | 624 (84.8) | 50 (6.8) | 37 (5.0) | 16 (2.2) | 9 (1.2) | 1.28 | 0.76 | 3.00 | 8.89 |
35 | 518 (70.4) | 106 (14.4) | 62 (8.4) | 28 (3.8) | 22 (3.0) | 1.55 | 1.00 | 1.95 | 3.07 |
Item | Factor Loading | Embedded Factor | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | Status | Competition | Exclusion | Externals | in Original GCSS | |
1 | 0.621 | -- | -- | -- | -- | Sex |
2 | 0.658 | -- | -- | -- | -- | Sex |
3 | 0.795 | -- | -- | -- | -- | Sex |
4 | 0.870 | -- | -- | -- | -- | Sex |
5 | 0.814 | -- | -- | -- | -- | Sex |
6 | 0.580 | -- | -- | -- | -- | Sex |
7 | -- | 0.757 | -- | -- | -- | Status |
8 | -- | 0.938 | -- | -- | -- | Status |
9 | -- | 0.835 | -- | -- | -- | Status |
10 | -- | 0.386 | -- | -- | -- | Status |
11 | -- | -- | −0.805 | -- | -- | Competition |
12 | -- | -- | −0.832 | -- | -- | Competition |
13 | -- | -- | −0.845 | -- | -- | Competition |
14 | -- | -- | −0.842 | -- | -- | Competition |
15 | -- | -- | −0.515 | -- | -- | Competition |
16 | -- | -- | −0.531 | -- | -- | Competition |
17 | -- | 0.407 | -- | -- | -- | Competition |
18 | -- | -- | -- | 0.426 | -- | Exclusion |
19 | -- | -- | -- | 0.534 | -- | Exclusion |
20 | -- | -- | -- | 0.456 | -- | Exclusion |
21 | -- | -- | -- | -- | −0.804 | Not included |
22 | -- | -- | -- | -- | −0.662 | Not included |
23 | -- | -- | -- | -- | −0.737 | Not included |
24 | -- | -- | -- | -- | −0.459 | Not included |
25 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | Not included |
26 | -- | -- | -- | -- | −0.435 | Not included |
27 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | Not included |
28 | -- | -- | -- | -- | −0.562 | Not included |
29 | -- | -- | -- | -- | −0.470 | Not included |
30 | -- | -- | -- | 0.373 | -- | -- |
31 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
32 | -- | -- | -- | 0.710 | -- | -- |
33 | -- | -- | -- | 0.793 | -- | -- |
34 | -- | -- | -- | 0.770 | -- | -- |
35 | -- | -- | -- | 0.588 | -- | -- |
External Measure | GCSS | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (α = 0.889) | Status (α = 0.900) | Competition (α = 0.924) | Exclusion (α = 0.867) | Externals (α = 0.899) | Total Scale (α = 0.959) | |
GCSS | ||||||
Sex | -- | |||||
Status | 0.544 | -- | ||||
Competition | 0.597 | 0.694 | -- | |||
Exclusion | 0.518 | 0.611 | 0.639 | -- | ||
Externals | 0.616 | 0.651 | 0.654 | 0.661 | -- | |
Total score | 0.784 | 0.824 | 0.857 | 0.825 | 0.874 | -- |
MISS-LG | ||||||
Sexuality | 0.263 | 0.136 | 0.194 | 0.139 | 0.228 | 0.233 |
Identity | 0.309 | 0.207 | 0.237 | 0.187 | 0.212 | 0.275 |
Social Discomfort | 0.278 | 0.144 | 0.184 | 0.212 | 0.237 | 0.256 |
STAI | 0.280 | 0.349 | 0.273 | 0.249 | 0.323 | 0.352 |
CES-D | 0.303 | 0.395 | 0.366 | 0.307 | 0.388 | 0.421 |
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Lin, C.-Y.; Huang, Y.-T.; Lee, C.-H.; Fan, C.-W.; Yen, C.-F. Gay Community Stress Scale with Its Cultural Translation and Adaptions in Taiwan. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 11649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811649
Lin C-Y, Huang Y-T, Lee C-H, Fan C-W, Yen C-F. Gay Community Stress Scale with Its Cultural Translation and Adaptions in Taiwan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(18):11649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811649
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Chung-Ying, Yu-Te Huang, Chiu-Hsiang Lee, Chia-Wei Fan, and Cheng-Fang Yen. 2022. "Gay Community Stress Scale with Its Cultural Translation and Adaptions in Taiwan" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18: 11649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811649