Gender-Related Differences in Mechanics of the Sprint Start and Sprint Acceleration of Top National-Level Sprinters
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.2. Subjects
2.3. Testing Procedures
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Gender-Related Differences
3.2. Relationship between the Variables Collected in the Block and Acceleration Phases
4. Discussion
4.1. Gender-Related Differences in Start Block Kinematics and Kinetics
4.2. Gender-Related Differences in F-V Relationship Parameters
4.3. Relationship between F-V Relationship Parameters in Sprint and Start Block Kinematics and Kinetics
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Males | Females | t Value | p Value | ES |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kinematic Variables | |||||
Reaction time (ms) | 134 ± 24 | 134 ± 23 | 0.06 | 0.95 | 0.03 |
Push-off time—rear leg (ms) | 173 ± 16 | 184 ± 19 | −1.35 | 0.19 | 0.62 |
Push-off time—front leg (ms) | 345 ± 34 | 373 ± 32 | −1.78 | 0.09 | 0.82 |
Block time (ms) | 483 ± 39 | 497 ± 41 | −0.78 | 0.44 | 0.36 |
Horizontal take-off velocity (m·s−1) | 3.20 ± 0.30 | 3.03 ± 0.37 | 1.16 | 0.26 | 0.53 |
Kinetic Variables | |||||
Maximal force—rear leg (N·kg−2/3) | 5.94 ± 1.24 | 4.62 ± 1.03 | 2.35 | 0.03 | 1.08 |
Maximal force—front leg (N·kg−2/3) | 7.30 ± 0.88 | 7.07 ± 0.62 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 0.26 |
Maximal RFD—rear leg (N × s−1·kg−2/3) | 140 ± 57 | 92 ± 30 | 1.96 | 0.06 | 0.90 |
Maximal RFD—front leg (N·s−1·kg−2/3) | 88.9 ± 32.9 | 76.4 ± 9.6 | 0.91 | 0.15 | 0.42 |
Average RFD—rear leg (N·s−1·kg−2/3) | 58.1 ± 17.9 | 36.0 ± 9.3 | 2.88 | 0.01 | 1.33 |
Average RFD—front leg (N·s−1·kg−2/3) | 24.1 ± 5.4 | 21.6 ± 4.1 | 1.02 | 0.32 | 0.47 |
Average horizontal power (W·kg−2/3) | 59 ± 14 | 48 ± 15 | 1.77 | 0.09 | 0.81 |
Variable | Males | Females | t Value | p Value | ES |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
v0 (m·s−1) | 8.64 ± 0.46 | 7.85 ± 0.24 | 3.93 | 0.01 | 1.83 |
F0 (N·kg−2/3) | 30.8 ± 4.1 | 25.6 ± 1.8 | 3.01 | 0.01 | 1.38 |
Fv slope (N·s·kg−2/3·m−1) | −3.52 ± −0.57 | −3.50 ± −0.37 | −0.07 | 0.94 | 0.02 |
Pmax (N·kg−2/3) | 87.7 ± 15.8 | 59.4 ± 6.7 | 4.24 | 0.01 | 1.95 |
DRF (%) | −8.01 ± 1.14 | −8.03 ± 0.50 | 0.03 | 0.98 | 0.01 |
Variable | v0 | F0 | Pmax | Fv Slope | DRF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Start block kinematics | |||||
Reaction time | −0.04 | −0.3 | −0.27 | 0.32 | 0.37 |
Push-off time—rear leg | −0.23 | −0.28 | −0.32 | 0.22 | 0.04 |
Push-off time—front leg | −0.26 | −0.51 ** | −0.52 ** | 0.46 * | 0.33 |
Block time | −0.16 | −0.38 * | −0.38 * | 0.35 | 0.40 * |
Horizontal take-off velocity | 0.05 | 0.28 | 0.24 | −0.3 | −0.34 |
Start block kinetics | |||||
Maximal RFD—rear leg | 0.32 | 0.28 | 0.32 | −0.19 | 0.13 |
Maximal RFD—front leg | 0.31 | 0.51 ** | 0.53 ** | −0.50 * | −0.01 |
Average RFD—rear leg | 0.45 * | 0.45 * | 0.52 ** | −0.34 | 0.09 |
Average RFD—front leg | 0.40 * | 0.70 ** | 0.72 ** | −0.63 ** | −0.32 |
Maximal force—rear leg | 0.49 * | 0.48 * | 0.55 ** | −0.36 | 0.01 |
Maximal force—front leg | 0.48 * | 0.75 ** | 0.78 ** | −0.65 ** | −0.29 |
Average horizontal power | 0.32 | 0.70 ** | 0.70 ** | −0.66 ** | −0.39 * |
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Mirkov, D.M.; Knezevic, O.M.; Garcia-Ramos, A.; Čoh, M.; Šarabon, N. Gender-Related Differences in Mechanics of the Sprint Start and Sprint Acceleration of Top National-Level Sprinters. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 6447. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186447
Mirkov DM, Knezevic OM, Garcia-Ramos A, Čoh M, Šarabon N. Gender-Related Differences in Mechanics of the Sprint Start and Sprint Acceleration of Top National-Level Sprinters. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(18):6447. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186447
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirkov, Dragan M., Olivera M. Knezevic, Amador Garcia-Ramos, Milan Čoh, and Nejc Šarabon. 2020. "Gender-Related Differences in Mechanics of the Sprint Start and Sprint Acceleration of Top National-Level Sprinters" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6447. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186447