Short-Term Treatment with Empagliflozin Resulted in Dehydration and Cardiac Arrest in an Elderly Patient with Specific Complications: A Case Report and Literature Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Case Presentation
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | Targets | Number of Participants | Dose | Duration | Main Outcomes | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Established CVD with T2DM | 7200 | 10 or 25 mg/day | 192 weeks | The risks of cardiovascular death, all-cause mortality, hospitalization for heart failure, and all-cause hospitalization were reduced in patients with and without prevalent kidney disease after Empagliflozin treatment. No significant hyperkalemia event was observed in the treatment group. Serum uric acid was lower in the treatment group. | [7] |
2 | Decompensated HF with T2DM | 23 | 10 mg/day | 7 days | Increased urine volume was observed on day 1 after the start of the treatment and returned to baseline on day 7. While there were no changes in serum potassium and creatinine on day 7, plasma neurohormone, including aldosterone and noradrenaline levels, increased. eGFR slightly decreased on day 7. | [11] |
3 | Chronic stable HF with T2DM | 20 | 10 mg/day | 14 days | The enhanced natriuretic effect of empagliflozin persists at day 14 without electrolyte alterations, neurohormone activation, and kidney dysfunction. Thus, Empagliflozin favors volume management in patients with HF and DM. | [12] |
4 | Chronic HFrEF with/without DM | 1863 | 10 mg/day | 27 months | The risk of cardiorenal outcomes was reduced after treatment with empagliflozin in addition to other HF therapy in HFrEF patients both with and without DM. There was no significant hyperkalemia, volume depletion, or acute renal failure among the treatment/placebo and DM/non-DM groups. | [13] |
5 | HFrEF with DM | 105 | 10 mg/day | 36 weeks | Empagliflozin is effective in reducing the left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic indexed volumes (6.0 and 8.2 mL/m2). The drug also reduced N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide by 28% after 36-week treatment. | [8] |
6 | HFpEF with/without DM | 5988 | 10 mg/day | 36 months | The number of deaths from cardiovascular causes or hospitalization due to HF was reduced in the empagliflozin group. | [2] |
7 | Asian participants with T2D and established ASCVD | 1517 | 10 or 25 mg/day | 3.1 years (Median follow-up) | Empagliflozin reduced the relative risk of the primary outcome of 3-point major adverse CV events (composite of CV death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke), hospitalization for HF, and CV mortality. The medication efficacy and adverse event profile were similar between the Asian and Non-Asian populations. | [9] |
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Supakul, S.; Nishikawa, Y.; Teramura, M.; Takase, T. Short-Term Treatment with Empagliflozin Resulted in Dehydration and Cardiac Arrest in an Elderly Patient with Specific Complications: A Case Report and Literature Review. Medicina 2022, 58, 815. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060815
Supakul S, Nishikawa Y, Teramura M, Takase T. Short-Term Treatment with Empagliflozin Resulted in Dehydration and Cardiac Arrest in an Elderly Patient with Specific Complications: A Case Report and Literature Review. Medicina. 2022; 58(6):815. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060815
Chicago/Turabian StyleSupakul, Sopak, Yurika Nishikawa, Masanori Teramura, and Tetsuro Takase. 2022. "Short-Term Treatment with Empagliflozin Resulted in Dehydration and Cardiac Arrest in an Elderly Patient with Specific Complications: A Case Report and Literature Review" Medicina 58, no. 6: 815. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58060815