Sex-Chromosome-Related Dimorphism in Steroidogenic Enzymes and Androgen Receptor in Response to Testosterone Treatment: An In Vitro Study on Human Primary Skeletal Muscle Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Sex-Chromosome-Related Dimorphism in Steroidogenic Enzyme Gene Expression
2.2. Sex-Chromosome-Related Dimorphism in Androgen Receptor Gene Expression
2.3. Sex-Chromosome-Related Dimorphism in Androgen Receptor Expression after Testosterone Treatment
2.4. Sex-Chromosome-Related Dimorphism in Androgen Receptor Cellular Localization after Testosterone Treatment
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Cultures
4.2. Cell Treatments
4.3. Immunofluorescence Microscope
4.4. RNA Extraction, Reverse Transcription, and Real-Time Quantitative PCR
4.5. Protein Expression Analysis
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Name | Forward 5′–3′ | Reverse 5′–3′ |
---|---|---|
5α-R2 | AGTGGAGGGCATGGTGCTAA | TCTCTCACTTAGCACGGGGA |
17β-HSD | TTTGCGCTCGAAGGTTTGTG | GCAGTCAAGAAGAGCTCCGT |
AR | TACCAGCTCACCAAGCTCCT | GATGGGCTTGACTTTCCCAG |
CYP-19 | ATGTTTCTGGAAATGCTGAAC | CTGTTTCAGATATTTTTCGCTG |
β-actin | AAC CTGAACCCCAAGGCC | AGCCTGGATAGCAACGTACA |
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Di Luigi, L.; Antinozzi, C.; Duranti, G.; Dimauro, I.; Sgrò, P. Sex-Chromosome-Related Dimorphism in Steroidogenic Enzymes and Androgen Receptor in Response to Testosterone Treatment: An In Vitro Study on Human Primary Skeletal Muscle Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 17382. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417382
Di Luigi L, Antinozzi C, Duranti G, Dimauro I, Sgrò P. Sex-Chromosome-Related Dimorphism in Steroidogenic Enzymes and Androgen Receptor in Response to Testosterone Treatment: An In Vitro Study on Human Primary Skeletal Muscle Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(24):17382. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417382
Chicago/Turabian StyleDi Luigi, Luigi, Cristina Antinozzi, Guglielmo Duranti, Ivan Dimauro, and Paolo Sgrò. 2023. "Sex-Chromosome-Related Dimorphism in Steroidogenic Enzymes and Androgen Receptor in Response to Testosterone Treatment: An In Vitro Study on Human Primary Skeletal Muscle Cells" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 24: 17382. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417382