Graphene Oxide Enhances Chitosan-Based 3D Scaffold Properties for Bone Tissue Engineering
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Assessment of CHT/GO Composite Cytocompatibility
2.2. Evaluation of hASC Morphology and Cell Cytoskeleton Organization in BC0.5–BC3
2.3. CHT/GO Materials Characterization by MicroCT
2.4. Cells Distribution and Morphology When Embedded in BC0.5-BC3
2.5. Evolution of the Osteogenic Differentiation Process in BC0.5–BC3
2.5.1. Bone-Like Cell Phenotype and Extracellular Matrix Production in BC0.5–BC3
2.5.2. Evaluation of Osteogenic Differentiation by Histological Staining
2.5.3. Evaluation of Osteogenic Markers Gene Expression
2.5.4. Protein Expression of Osteogenic Markers in BC0.5-3
2.6. In Vivo Evaluation of Bone Regeneration using CHT/GO Materials
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Material Preparation
4.2. Material Characterization by MicroCT Analysis
4.3. Cell Culture
4.4. In Vitro Experiments
4.4.1. Biocompatibility Assays
4.4.2. Cytoskeleton Assessment
4.4.3. Cell Morphology Before and During Differentiation by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
4.4.4. Histological Evaluation of Bone Differentiation
4.4.5. Bone Markers Gene Expression Evaluation by Quantitative PCR (qPCR)
4.4.6. Bone Marker Protein Expression Evaluation by Confocal Microscopy
4.5. In Vivo Experiments
4.5.1. Animals and Experimental Design
4.5.2. Statistical Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | T.Po (%) | St.Th. (µ) | Sp.S (µ−1) |
---|---|---|---|
CH | 74 ± 1.49 | 16.8 ± 2.64 | 0.195 ± 0.03 |
CH/0.5 wt.% GO | 71.7 ± 1.89 | 20.1 ± 5.54 | 0.169 ± 0.05 |
CH/3 wt.% GO | 76.4 ± 4.82 | 20.3 ± 4.32 | 0.181 ± 0.08 |
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Dinescu, S.; Ionita, M.; Ignat, S.-R.; Costache, M.; Hermenean, A. Graphene Oxide Enhances Chitosan-Based 3D Scaffold Properties for Bone Tissue Engineering. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 5077. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205077
Dinescu S, Ionita M, Ignat S-R, Costache M, Hermenean A. Graphene Oxide Enhances Chitosan-Based 3D Scaffold Properties for Bone Tissue Engineering. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(20):5077. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205077
Chicago/Turabian StyleDinescu, Sorina, Mariana Ionita, Simona-Rebeca Ignat, Marieta Costache, and Anca Hermenean. 2019. "Graphene Oxide Enhances Chitosan-Based 3D Scaffold Properties for Bone Tissue Engineering" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 20: 5077. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205077