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Cancers
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Novel Insight of MRI for Lung Cancer and Thoracic Neoplasm
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Novel Insight of MRI for Lung Cancer and Thoracic Neoplasm

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Methods and Technologies Development".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 10562

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Munetaka Matoba

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
Interests: radiation oncology; imaging biomarkers; computed tomography (CT); perfusion CT (PCT); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Prof. Dr. Katsuo Usuda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
Interests: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI); lung cancer; pulmonary nodule and mass; mediastinal tumor; malignant pleural mesothelioma
Dr. Mariko Doai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
Interests: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); lung cancer; dual-energy CT; neuroradiology; brain tumor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more useful than CT for the visualization of the heart, the pericardium, and mediastinal vessels. MRI has an advantage specifically for investigating the invasion of the superior vena cava or myocardium, or extension of the tumor into the left atrium via pulmonary veins. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) can differentiate benign from malignant lesions in many organs, especially in the lung, prostate,  breast, and liver. MRI involves no radiation exposure, and no contrast media.

In the next decade, MRI will become more available for the assessment of lung cancer and thoracic neoplasm because CT or FDG-PET/CT has some risk of radiation exposure and MRI is cheaper than PET-CT. DWI possesses great potential for monitoring treatment response in cancer patients shortly after the initiation of radiotherapy. Functional evaluation of DWI will be more useful than that of CT for the response evaluation of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy of neoplasm. MR functional imaging offers valuable information about tumor tissue, tissue architecture, and cellular biomarkers related to neoplasm.

Pulmonary MRI is radiation-free and makes it possible to replace most CT examinations without suffering any diagnostic loss. MRI examinations will become an alternative to CT and PET/CT and eventually replace them.

This Special Issue will focus on recent developments of specific imaging techniques including MRI for diagnosing and monitoring lung cancer and thoracic neoplasm, taking economical and health care perspectives into consideration. Please submit your valuable research concerning the MRI of lung cancer and thoracic neoplasm in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Munetaka Matoba
Prof. Dr. Katsuo Usuda
Dr. Mariko Doai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Oncologic imaging
  • Cancer imaging
  • Imaging of thoracic disease
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • Computed tomography (CT)
  • Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT)
  • Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI)
  • Economic evaluation
  • Imaging biomarkers

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1844 KiB  
Article
Targeted Imaging of Lung Cancer with Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI Using Surface-Modified Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Molecular Contrast Agents
by Atsuomi Kimura, Seiya Utsumi, Akihiro Shimokawa, Renya Nishimori, Rie Hosoi, Neil J. Stewart, Hirohiko Imai and Hideaki Fujiwara
Cancers 2022, 14(24), 6070; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14246070 - 09 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2498
Abstract
Hyperpolarized 129Xe (HP 129Xe) MRI enables functional imaging of various lung diseases but has been scarcely applied to lung cancer imaging. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of targeted imaging of lung cancer with HP 129Xe [...] Read more.
Hyperpolarized 129Xe (HP 129Xe) MRI enables functional imaging of various lung diseases but has been scarcely applied to lung cancer imaging. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of targeted imaging of lung cancer with HP 129Xe MRI using surface-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) as molecular targeting contrast agents. A mouse model of lung cancer (LC) was induced in nine mice by intra-peritoneal injection of urethane. Three months after the urethane administration, the mice underwent lung imaging with HP 129Xe MRI at baseline (0 h). Subsequently, the LC group was divided into two sub-groups: mice administered with polyethylene glycol-coated IONPs (PEG-IONPs, n = 4) and folate-conjugated dextran-coated IONPs (FA@Dex-IONPs, n = 5). The mice were imaged at 3, 6, and 24 h after the intravenous injection of IONPs. FA@Dex-IONPs mice showed a 25% reduction in average signal intensity at cancer sites at 3 h post injection, and a 24% reduction at 24 h post injection. On the other hand, in PEG-IONPs mice, while a signal reduction of approximately 28% was observed at cancer sites at 3 to 6 h post injection, the signal intensity was unchanged from that of the baseline at 24 h. Proton MRI of LC mice (n = 3) was able to detect cancer five months after urethane administration, i.e., later than HP 129Xe MRI (3 months). Furthermore, a significant decrease in averaged 1H T2 values at cancer sites was observed at only 6 h post injection of FA@Dex-IONPs (p < 0.05). As such, the targeted delivery of IONPs to cancer tissue was successfully imaged with HP 129Xe MRI, and their surface modification with folate likely has a high affinity with LC, which causes overexpression of folate receptors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insight of MRI for Lung Cancer and Thoracic Neoplasm)
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17 pages, 6013 KiB  
Article
Pulmonary Nodule and Mass: Superiority of MRI of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and T2-Weighted Imaging to FDG-PET/CT
by Katsuo Usuda, Masahito Ishikawa, Shun Iwai, Aika Yamagata, Yoshihito Iijima, Nozomu Motono, Munetaka Matoba, Mariko Doai, Keiya Hirata and Hidetaka Uramoto
Cancers 2021, 13(20), 5166; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13205166 - 14 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2303
Abstract
The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of FDG-PET/CT and MRI in discriminating malignant from benign pulmonary nodules and masses (PNMs). There were 278 lung cancers and 50 benign PNMs that were examined by FDG-PET/CT and MRI. The [...] Read more.
The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of FDG-PET/CT and MRI in discriminating malignant from benign pulmonary nodules and masses (PNMs). There were 278 lung cancers and 50 benign PNMs that were examined by FDG-PET/CT and MRI. The T2 contrast ratio (T2 CR) was designated as the ratio of T2 signal intensity of PNM divided by T2 signal intensity of the rhomboid muscle. The optimal cut-off values (OCVs) for differential diagnosis were 3.605 for maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), 1.459 × 10−3 mm2/s for apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and 2.46 for T2 CR. Areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves were 67.5% for SUVmax, 74.3% for ADC, and 72.4% for T2 CR, respectively. The sensitivity (0.658) of SUVmax was significantly lower than that (0.838) of ADC (p < 0.001) and that (0.871) of T2 CR (p < 0.001). The specificity (0.620) of SUVmax was that the same as (0.640) ADC and (0.640) of T2 CR. The accuracy (0.652) of SUVmax was significantly lower than that (0.808) of ADC (p < 0.001) and that (0.835) of T2 CR (p < 0.001). The sensitivity and accuracy of DWI and T2WI in MRI were significantly higher than those of FDG-PET/CT. Ultimately, MRI can replace FDG PET/CT for differential diagnosis of PNMs saving healthcare systems money while not sacrificing the quality of care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insight of MRI for Lung Cancer and Thoracic Neoplasm)
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Review

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25 pages, 1966 KiB  
Review
Pleural Neoplasms—What Could MRI Change?
by Michał Szczyrek, Paulina Bitkowska, Marta Jutrzenka, Aneta Szudy-Szczyrek, Anna Drelich-Zbroja and Janusz Milanowski
Cancers 2023, 15(12), 3261; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15123261 - 20 Jun 2023
Viewed by 2051
Abstract
The primary pleural neoplasms constitute around 10% of the pleural tumors. The currently recommended method for their imaging is CT which has been shown to have certain limitations. Strong development of the MRI within the last two decades has provided us with a [...] Read more.
The primary pleural neoplasms constitute around 10% of the pleural tumors. The currently recommended method for their imaging is CT which has been shown to have certain limitations. Strong development of the MRI within the last two decades has provided us with a number of sequences that could potentially be superior to CT when it comes to the pleural malignancies’ detection and characterization. This literature review discusses the possible applications of the MRI as a diagnostic tool in patients with pleural neoplasms. Although selected MRI techniques have been shown to have a number of advantages over CT, further research is required in order to confirm the obtained results, broaden our knowledge on the topic, and pinpoint the sequences most optimal for pleural imaging, as well as the best methods for reading and analysis of the obtained data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insight of MRI for Lung Cancer and Thoracic Neoplasm)
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22 pages, 3990 KiB  
Review
State of the Art MR Imaging for Lung Cancer TNM Stage Evaluation
by Yoshiharu Ohno, Yoshiyuki Ozawa, Hisanobu Koyama, Takeshi Yoshikawa, Daisuke Takenaka, Hiroyuki Nagata, Takahiro Ueda, Hirotaka Ikeda and Hiroshi Toyama
Cancers 2023, 15(3), 950; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030950 - 02 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2617
Abstract
Since the Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group (RDOG) report had been published in 1991, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging had limited clinical availability for thoracic malignancy, as well as pulmonary diseases. However, technical advancements in MR systems, such as sequence and reconstruction methods, and adjustments [...] Read more.
Since the Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group (RDOG) report had been published in 1991, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging had limited clinical availability for thoracic malignancy, as well as pulmonary diseases. However, technical advancements in MR systems, such as sequence and reconstruction methods, and adjustments in the clinical protocol for gadolinium contrast media administration have provided fruitful results and validated the utility of MR imaging (MRI) for lung cancer evaluations. These techniques include: (1) contrast-enhanced MR angiography for T-factor evaluation, (2) short-time inversion recovery turbo spin-echo sequences as well as diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for N-factor assessment, and (3) whole-body MRI with and without DWI and with positron emission tomography fused with MRI for M-factor or TNM stage evaluation as well as for postoperative recurrence assessment of lung cancer or other thoracic tumors using 1.5 tesla (T) or 3T systems. According to these fruitful results, the Fleischner Society has changed its position to approve of MRI for lung or thoracic diseases. The purpose of this review is to analyze recent advances in lung MRI with a particular focus on lung cancer evaluation, clinical staging, and recurrence assessment evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insight of MRI for Lung Cancer and Thoracic Neoplasm)
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