Worldwide Overview of Neospora spp. Infection in Equids Diagnosed by Serological Tests: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Data Base
4.2. Selection Criteria
4.3. Meta-Analysis Approach
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number of Studies | Sample | Positive | Combined Prevalency (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p | I2 | |||||
Overall combined prevalence | 25 | 11,076 | 1178 | 8.34% (4.78–14.17%) | <0.01 | 97.30% |
Continent | ||||||
Africa | 1 | 144 | 10 | 6.94% (3.78–12.43%) | Not applicable | |
Asia | 6 | 3816 | 603 | 20.48% (7.66–44.43%) | <0.01 | 98.30% |
Central/North America | 2 | 865 | 24 | 3.07% (1.65–5.64%) | 0.14 | 55.00% |
Europe | 4 | 1451 | 115 | 5.48% (1.49–18.19%) | <0.01 | 95.80% |
South America | 12 | 4800 | 426 | 6.87% (2.81–15.82%) | <0.01 | 97.30% |
Specie | ||||||
Donkeys | 10 | 3954 | 397 | 7.36% (2.08–22.94%) | <0.01 | 97.10% |
Horses | 19 | 6950 | 756 | 8.50% (5.03–13.99%) | <0.01 | 96.90% |
Mules | 3 | 172 | 25 | 6.07% (0.71–36.83%) | <0.01 | 83.70% |
Diagnosis | ||||||
ELISA | 7 | 3746 | 414 | 7.91% (3.71–16.08%) | <0.01 | 95.10% |
IFAT | 17 | 7095 | 717 | 8.08% (3.74–16.61%) | <0.01 | 97.90% |
MAT | 1 | 235 | 47 | 20.00% (15.37–25.60%) | Not applicable |
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Costa, P.W.L.; Alvares, F.B.V.; Araújo, H.G.; Limeira, C.H.; Braga, F.R.; Feitosa, T.F.; Vilela, V.L.R. Worldwide Overview of Neospora spp. Infection in Equids Diagnosed by Serological Tests: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Parasitologia 2023, 3, 260-268. https://doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia3030027
Costa PWL, Alvares FBV, Araújo HG, Limeira CH, Braga FR, Feitosa TF, Vilela VLR. Worldwide Overview of Neospora spp. Infection in Equids Diagnosed by Serological Tests: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Parasitologia. 2023; 3(3):260-268. https://doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia3030027
Chicago/Turabian StyleCosta, Paulo Wbiratan Lopes, Felipe Boniedj Ventura Alvares, Hosaneide Gomes Araújo, Clécio Henrique Limeira, Fabio Ribeiro Braga, Thais Ferreira Feitosa, and Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela. 2023. "Worldwide Overview of Neospora spp. Infection in Equids Diagnosed by Serological Tests: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Parasitologia 3, no. 3: 260-268. https://doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia3030027