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Volume 88
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10.5603/ARM.2020.0110
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Advances in Respiratory Medicine is published by MDPI from Volume 90 Issue 4 (2022). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Via Medica.
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Review

Non-Invasive Ventilation in Patients with an Altered Level of Consciousness. A Clinical Review and Practical Insights

by
Gil Gonçalves
1,*,
Haitham Saeed
2,
Mohamed E. Abdelrahim
2,
Hadeer S. Harb
2,
Yasmin M. Madney
2,
Kevin Eng
3,
Habib MR Karim
4,
Mohamad El-Khatib
5,
Bushra Mina
6,
Szymon Skoczyński
7,
Irena Sarc
8,
Vânia Caldeira
9,
Sara M. Cabral
1,
Bruno Cabrita
10,
Miguel Guia
11,
Jun Duan
12,
Igor Barjaktarevic
3,
Giuseppe Fiorentino
13,
Edoardo Piervincenzi
14,
Güniz Köksal
15,
Sibel O. Sarin
16,
Peter J. Papadakos
17,
Benan Bayrakci
18,
Vijay Hadda
19,
Gerhard Laier-Groeneveld
20,
Karen EA Burns
21,
Raffaele Scala
22,
Andres C. Alcaraz
23 and
Antonio M Esquinas
23add Show full author list remove Hide full author list
1
Pulmonology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
2
Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
3
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
4
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
5
Department of Anesthesiology, American University of Beirut-Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
6
Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwell Health, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
7
Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
8
Noninvasive Ventilation Department, University Clinic for Pulmonary and Allergic Diseases, Golnik, Slovenia
9
Pulmonology Department, Santa Marta Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
10
Pulmonology Department, Pedro Hispano Hospital, Matosinhos, Portugal
11
Pulmonology Department, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, Portugal
12
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
13
Respiratory Unit, AO Ospedali dei Colli Monaldi, Naples, Italy
14
Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
15
Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
16
Internal Medicine, Istanbul Umraniye Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
17
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
18
Pediatric Intensive Care Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
19
Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
20
Pneumology, Clinical and Home Ventilatory Support and Sleep, Schellstrasse, Bochum, Germany
21
Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
22
Pulmonology and Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, S Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
23
Intensive Care and Noninvasive Ventilatory Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Adv. Respir. Med. 2020, 88(3), 233-244; https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.2020.0110
Submission received: 27 March 2020 / Revised: 12 May 2020 / Accepted: 12 May 2020 / Published: 18 July 2020

Abstract

Non-invasive ventilation has gained an increasingly pivotal role in the treatment of acute hypoxemic and/or hypercapnic respira-tory failure and offers multiple advantages over invasive mechanical ventilation. Some of these advantages include the preserva-tion of airway defense mechanisms, a reduced need for sedation, and an avoidance of complications related to endotracheal intubation. Despite its advantages, non-invasive ventilation has some contraindications that include, among them, severe encephalopathy. In this review article, the rationale, evidence, and drawbacks of the use of noninvasive ventilation in the context of hypercapnic and non-hypercapnic patients with an altered level of consciousness are analyzed.
Keywords: noninvasive mechanical ventilation; altered consciousness; encephalopathy; coma noninvasive mechanical ventilation; altered consciousness; encephalopathy; coma

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gonçalves, G.; Saeed, H.; Abdelrahim, M.E.; Harb, H.S.; Madney, Y.M.; Eng, K.; Karim, H.M.; El-Khatib, M.; Mina, B.; Skoczyński, S.; et al. Non-Invasive Ventilation in Patients with an Altered Level of Consciousness. A Clinical Review and Practical Insights. Adv. Respir. Med. 2020, 88, 233-244. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.2020.0110

AMA Style

Gonçalves G, Saeed H, Abdelrahim ME, Harb HS, Madney YM, Eng K, Karim HM, El-Khatib M, Mina B, Skoczyński S, et al. Non-Invasive Ventilation in Patients with an Altered Level of Consciousness. A Clinical Review and Practical Insights. Advances in Respiratory Medicine. 2020; 88(3):233-244. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.2020.0110

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gonçalves, Gil, Haitham Saeed, Mohamed E. Abdelrahim, Hadeer S. Harb, Yasmin M. Madney, Kevin Eng, Habib MR Karim, Mohamad El-Khatib, Bushra Mina, Szymon Skoczyński, and et al. 2020. "Non-Invasive Ventilation in Patients with an Altered Level of Consciousness. A Clinical Review and Practical Insights" Advances in Respiratory Medicine 88, no. 3: 233-244. https://doi.org/10.5603/ARM.2020.0110

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