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Abstract

Protocol for the Systematic Review of the Biologic Pathways Linking Diet, Nutrition, and Physical Activity with Cancer: World Cancer Research Fund Global Cancer Update Project †

by
Esther M. Gonzalez-Gil
1,*,
Sarah Lewis
2,
Helen Croker
3,
Vanessa Gordon-Dseagu
3,
Beatrice Lauby-Secretan
1,
Marc J. Gunter
1,4,‡ and
Laure Dossus
1,‡
1
International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69007 Lyon, France
2
Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1QU, UK
3
World Cancer Research Fund International, London N1 9FW, UK
4
School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023, Belgrade, Serbia, 14–17 November 2023.
‡
These authors equally contributed to the present work.
Proceedings 2023, 91(1), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091406
Published: 13 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 14th European Nutrition Conference FENS 2023)
Versions Notes

Abstract

:
Background and Objectives: Biological and mechanistic data can support observational evidence to aid causal inference. The substantial body of available epidemiological evidence on the role of diet, nutrition, physical activity, and body weight and cancer has been systematically reviewed within the World Cancer Research Fund Global Cancer Update Program (WCRF CUP Global) over the past few decades. Mechanistic data can provide substantial additional support to established or suspected associations between diet and cancer but has not previously been systematically reviewed within the CUP Global. Here, we describe the development of a framework for the evaluation of biological and mechanistic data to support CUP Global in their evaluations. Methods: The protocol to evaluate mechanistic data utilizes a two-stage, iterative approach: (1) use of expert knowledge in combination with text mining automated tools (https://www.temmpo.org.uk/ accessed on 14 February 2024 to identify a set of the main potential mechanisms (typically 2–3 mechanisms) and their associated intermediate phenotypes (IPs) that link the factor of interest (exposure: E) to the cancer outcome of interest (outcome: O) and (2) for selected mechanisms, perform systematic literature reviews of human studies to evaluate the associations between E and IPs and between IPs and O. An expert committee then assesses the level of evidence for the role of each potential mechanism in the E–O association. If appropriate, additional literature reviews of experimental studies will be performed to address specific questions. Results: A protocol has been developed that can be used to systematically review data on mechanisms in a timely manner. As a first test case, the proposed protocol will be tested to evaluate mechanisms linking dietary patterns and colorectal cancer development. Discussion: This project will produce a framework for the systematic evaluation of mechanistic research to support causal associations between diet, nutrition, physical activity, body weight and cancer risk within WCRF CUP Global.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, E.M.G.-G., S.L., H.C., V.G.-D., B.L.-S., M.J.G. and L.D., methodology, S.L. and L.D.; formal analysis, E.M.G.-G. and L.D.; data curation, E.M.G.-G. and L.D.; writing—original draft preparation, E.M.G.-G., S.L., B.L.-S., M.J.G. and L.D.; writing—review and editing, E.M.G.-G., S.L., H.C., V.G.-D., B.L.-S., M.J.G. and L.D.; funding acquisition, M.J.G. and L.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research was funded by World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), grant number CUP_2021_004.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

Data sharing is not applicable to this article.

Conflicts of Interest

H.C. and V.G.-D. were CUP Global Secretariat members, employed by WCRF International. They were responsible for coordinating input from the CUP Global Expert Committee on Cancer Mechanisms and aligning the work with the overall CUP Global work.
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Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Gonzalez-Gil, E.M.; Lewis, S.; Croker, H.; Gordon-Dseagu, V.; Lauby-Secretan, B.; Gunter, M.J.; Dossus, L. Protocol for the Systematic Review of the Biologic Pathways Linking Diet, Nutrition, and Physical Activity with Cancer: World Cancer Research Fund Global Cancer Update Project. Proceedings 2023, 91, 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091406

AMA Style

Gonzalez-Gil EM, Lewis S, Croker H, Gordon-Dseagu V, Lauby-Secretan B, Gunter MJ, Dossus L. Protocol for the Systematic Review of the Biologic Pathways Linking Diet, Nutrition, and Physical Activity with Cancer: World Cancer Research Fund Global Cancer Update Project. Proceedings. 2023; 91(1):406. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091406

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gonzalez-Gil, Esther M., Sarah Lewis, Helen Croker, Vanessa Gordon-Dseagu, Beatrice Lauby-Secretan, Marc J. Gunter, and Laure Dossus. 2023. "Protocol for the Systematic Review of the Biologic Pathways Linking Diet, Nutrition, and Physical Activity with Cancer: World Cancer Research Fund Global Cancer Update Project" Proceedings 91, no. 1: 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2023091406

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