Pitaya Juice Consumption Protects against Oxidative Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Red Pitaya Juice
2.2. Drugs and Reagents
2.3. Animals
2.4. Experimental Design and Pre-Treatment
2.5. Liver Damage Markers
2.6. Parameters of Oxidative Stress
2.6.1. Thiobarbituric acid Reactive Species (TBARS)
2.6.2. Reactive Species Levels (RS)
2.6.3. Enzyme Activity of Catalase (CAT)
2.6.4. Enzyme Activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)
2.6.5. Enzymatic Activity of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST)
2.6.6. Fluorimetric Assay of Reduced Glutathione (GSH)
2.7. Western Blot Analysis
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Pitaya Juice Partially Attenuates AFB1-Induced Liver Toxicity
3.2. Pitaya Pre-Treatment Protected Rats from Lipid Peroxidation and AFB1-Induced RS
3.3. Pitaya Attenuated the CAT Enzymatic Activity Altered by AFB1 but Not Significantly
3.4. AFB1 Alters GST and GSH, with Protective Effect of Pitaya on GST
3.5. Pitaya Modulated the Expression of Hsp-70 and Nrf2 Markers in Mice Exposed to AFB1
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Madalosso, L.M.; Balok, F.R.M.; Bortolotto, V.C.; Dahleh, M.M.M.; Backes, L.G.; Escalante, E.S.S.; Benites, F.V.; da Silva e Silva, F.A.; Segat, H.J.; Boeira, S.P. Pitaya Juice Consumption Protects against Oxidative Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1. J. Fungi 2023, 9, 874. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9090874
Madalosso LM, Balok FRM, Bortolotto VC, Dahleh MMM, Backes LG, Escalante ESS, Benites FV, da Silva e Silva FA, Segat HJ, Boeira SP. Pitaya Juice Consumption Protects against Oxidative Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1. Journal of Fungi. 2023; 9(9):874. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9090874
Chicago/Turabian StyleMadalosso, Luiggi Müller, Franciéle Romero Machado Balok, Vandreza Cardoso Bortolotto, Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh, Lucas Gabriel Backes, Elizabeth Sabryna Sarquis Escalante, Fernanda Vilhalba Benites, Francisco Andrey da Silva e Silva, Hecson Jesser Segat, and Silvana Peterini Boeira. 2023. "Pitaya Juice Consumption Protects against Oxidative Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1" Journal of Fungi 9, no. 9: 874. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9090874