The Protective Effect of Polysaccharide SAFP from Sarcodon aspratus on Water Immersion and Restraint Stress-Induced Gastric Ulcer and Modulatory Effects on Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Intrinsic Viscosity
2.3. Animal Experiment
2.4. Determination of Biochemical Indicators in Serum and Gastric Tissues
2.5. Histopathological Analysis
2.6. Immunohistochemistry Studies
2.7. Western Blotting Assay
2.8. Intestinal Microbiota Composition Analysis
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Effect of SAFP Concentration on Intrinsic Viscosity
3.2. Effect of Temperature on Intrinsic Viscosity
3.3. SAFP Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rats with Gastric Ulcer
3.4. SAFP Alleviates WIRS-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats
3.5. SAFP Attenuates Stress Gastric Ulcer via Reducing the Levels of Marker Proteins
3.6. SAFP Alleviates Gastric Mucosal Injury via the TLR4 and Nrf2 Signaling Pathways
3.7. SAFP Modulated WIRS-Induced Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Ethics Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
Abbreviation | Full name |
GU | Gastric ulcer |
NSAIDs | Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
IBD | Inflammatory bowel disease |
SAFP | Sarcodon aspratus fruiting polysaccharide |
WIRS | Water immersion and restraint stress |
SD | Sprague-Dawley |
SGUM | Stress gastric ulcer model |
OME | Omeprazole |
SAFPL | SAFP low-dose |
SAFPM | SAFP middle-dose |
SAFPH | SAFP high-dose |
UI | Ulcer index |
PGE2 | Prostaglandin E2 |
MPO | Myeloperoxidase |
PCoA | Principal coordinate analysis |
TLR4 | Toll-like receptor 4 |
NF-κB | Nuclear factor-κB |
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Zhang, D.; Xiang, M.; Jiang, Y.; Wu, F.; Chen, H.; Sun, M.; Zhang, L.; Du, X.; Chen, L. The Protective Effect of Polysaccharide SAFP from Sarcodon aspratus on Water Immersion and Restraint Stress-Induced Gastric Ulcer and Modulatory Effects on Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis. Foods 2022, 11, 1567. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11111567
Zhang D, Xiang M, Jiang Y, Wu F, Chen H, Sun M, Zhang L, Du X, Chen L. The Protective Effect of Polysaccharide SAFP from Sarcodon aspratus on Water Immersion and Restraint Stress-Induced Gastric Ulcer and Modulatory Effects on Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis. Foods. 2022; 11(11):1567. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11111567
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Dongjing, Ming Xiang, Yun Jiang, Fen Wu, Huaqun Chen, Min Sun, Lingzhi Zhang, Xianfeng Du, and Lei Chen. 2022. "The Protective Effect of Polysaccharide SAFP from Sarcodon aspratus on Water Immersion and Restraint Stress-Induced Gastric Ulcer and Modulatory Effects on Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis" Foods 11, no. 11: 1567. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11111567