Novel Dual-Color Immunochromatographic Assay Based on Chrysanthemum-like Au@polydopamine and Colloidal Gold for Simultaneous Sensitive Detection of Paclobutrazol and Carbofuran in Fruits and Vegetables
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Animal Immunization and Preparation of Antibody
2.4. ELISA Method
2.5. Antibody Affinity Evaluation
2.6. Antibody Specificity Evaluation
2.7. Preparation of AuNPs and AuNP–CAR mAb Probe
2.8. Preparation of AuNC@PDA and AuNC@PDA–PBZ mAb Probe
2.9. Assembly of the Dual-Color Immunochromatographic Test Strip
2.10. Assay of the Dual-Color Immunochromatographic Test Strip
2.11. Sample Preparation
2.12. Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) Method
2.13. Recovery Experiment
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Principle of the Novel Dual-Color ICA
3.2. Characterization of Antigens and Antibodies
3.3. Characterization of AuNC@PDA and AuNPs
3.4. Optimization of the Novel Dual-Color ICA
3.5. Performance Evaluation of the Novel Dual-Color ICA
3.6. Recovery Rate Test
3.7. Accuracy Evaluation of ICA by LC–MS/MS
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Methods | Sample | Analyte | LOD | Assay Time | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enzyme immunoassay | Wheat kernel | PBZ | 2.0 ng g−1 | >1 h | [40] |
Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay | Water and soil | PBZ | 1.09 ng mL−1 | >1 h | [41] |
This work | Orange, grape, and cabbage mustard | PBZ | 0.117, 0.109, 0.131 μg kg−1 | 15 min | |
Fluorescent immunosensor | Water and agricultural products | CAR | 0.13 μg L−1 | 30 min | [42] |
ELISA | Vegetables and fruits | CAR | 0.76 ng mL−1 | >1 h | [43] |
Time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic assay | Green bean, cabbage, apple, and pear | CAR | 0.04–0.76 mg L−1 | 30 min | [44] |
ELISA | Cucumbers and apples | CAR | 1 ng mL−1 | >1 h | [45] |
Lateral-flow immunochromatographic assay | CAR | 7 ng mL−1 | 15 min | [46] | |
This work | Orange, grape and cabbage mustard | CAR | 0.087, 0.056, 0.094 μg kg−1 | 15 min |
Sample | Spiked (μg kg−1) | Measured (μg kg−1) | Recovery (μg kg−1) | CV (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oranges | PBZ | CAR | PBZ | CAR | PBZ | CAR | PBZ | CAR |
0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4978 | 0.5121 | 99.56 | 102.42 | 10.12 | 9.71 | |
5 | 5 | 5.1415 | 4.8934 | 102.83 | 97.86 | 8.94 | 9.69 | |
20 | 10 | 19.8311 | 10.0683 | 99.15 | 100.68 | 11.05 | 10.31 | |
Grapes | PBZ | CAR | PBZ | CAR | PBZ | CAR | PBZ | CAR |
0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5009 | 0.5082 | 100.18 | 101.60 | 9.74 | 8.97 | |
5 | 5 | 5.0171 | 5.0632 | 100.34 | 101.26 | 8.96 | 9.73 | |
20 | 10 | 20.0854 | 9.8681 | 100.42 | 98.68 | 10.82 | 10.05 | |
Cabbage mustard | PBZ | CAR | PBZ | CAR | PBZ | CAR | PBZ | CAR |
0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5053 | 0.5069 | 101.06 | 101.38 | 10.43 | 9.94 | |
5 | 5 | 4.9821 | 5.0736 | 99.64 | 101.47 | 9.61 | 10.08 | |
20 | 10 | 19.7931 | 10.0591 | 98.96 | 100.51 | 10.01 | 10.16 |
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Yin, J.; Yan, Y.; Zhang, K.; Fu, H.; Lu, M.; Zhu, H.; Wei, D.; Peng, J.; Lai, W. Novel Dual-Color Immunochromatographic Assay Based on Chrysanthemum-like Au@polydopamine and Colloidal Gold for Simultaneous Sensitive Detection of Paclobutrazol and Carbofuran in Fruits and Vegetables. Foods 2022, 11, 1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11111564
Yin J, Yan Y, Zhang K, Fu H, Lu M, Zhu H, Wei D, Peng J, Lai W. Novel Dual-Color Immunochromatographic Assay Based on Chrysanthemum-like Au@polydopamine and Colloidal Gold for Simultaneous Sensitive Detection of Paclobutrazol and Carbofuran in Fruits and Vegetables. Foods. 2022; 11(11):1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11111564
Chicago/Turabian StyleYin, Jiaqi, Yiyong Yan, Kezhuo Zhang, Hui Fu, Min Lu, Hai Zhu, Daixian Wei, Juan Peng, and Weihua Lai. 2022. "Novel Dual-Color Immunochromatographic Assay Based on Chrysanthemum-like Au@polydopamine and Colloidal Gold for Simultaneous Sensitive Detection of Paclobutrazol and Carbofuran in Fruits and Vegetables" Foods 11, no. 11: 1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11111564