Development and Application of an Educational-Training Programme for Infection Control Practitioners in Long-Term Care Hospitals
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Research Design
2.2. Study Subject and Data Collection
2.3. Research Tool
2.3.1. The Frequency, Importance, and Difficulty of the Tasks of ICPs in LTCHs
2.3.2. Programme Satisfaction
2.3.3. Knowledge and Skills
2.3.4. Awareness of Infection Control
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Job Analysis: Duties and Tasks of ICPs in LTCHs
3.2. Task Verification
3.3. Key Task Selection for Development of Educational-Training Programme
3.4. Educational-Training Programme Development
3.5. Educational-Training Programme Operation
3.6. Educational-Training Programme Evaluation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Duties | Tasks | Frequency a | Importance b | Difficulty c | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | Rank | M ± SD | Rank | M ± SD | Rank | ||
1. Preparing policies and guidelines | 1-1. Developing infection control guidelines and policies | 2.51 ± 0.97 | 30 | 3.76 ± 0.82 | 32 | 3.82 ± 0.80 | 11 |
1-2. Revising infection control guidelines and policies | 2.58 ± 0.96 | 27 | 3.78 ± 0.79 | 31 | 3.78 ± 0.80 | 14 | |
2. Healthcare associated infection (HAI) surveillance | 2-1. Investigating HAI control practice | 2.45 ± 1.05 | 34 | 3.68 ± 0.81 | 36 | 3.83 ± 0.82 | 9 |
2-2. Analyzing results of HAI control | 2.41 ± 1.05 | 36 | 3.66 ± 0.81 | 41 | 3.89 ± 0.83 | 2 | |
2-3. Evaluating and reporting HAI control results | 2.46 ± 1.05 | 32 | 3.67 ± 0.80 | 40 | 3.86 ± 0.83 | 6 | |
2-4. Investigating and reporting infection outbreaks | 2.34 ± 1.11 | 37 | 3.68 ± 0.87 | 36 | 3.88 ± 0.87 | 5 | |
3. Planning and evaluating an infection control programme | 3-1. Planning an infection control programme (including budgets) | 2.24 ± 0.98 | 42 | 3.68 ± 0.81 | 36 | 3.84 ± 0.77 | 7 |
3-2. Establishing an infection control report system | 2.52 ± 0.97 | 29 | 3.68 ± 0.82 | 36 | 3.69 ± 0.75 | 25 | |
3-3. Index management (investigation, analysis, evaluation) | 2.26 ± 0.93 | 41 | 3.57 ± 0.90 | 45 | 3.83 ± 0.86 | 8 | |
3-4. Conducting infection control promotion events (The Day of Infection Control, etc.) | 1.94 ± 0.94 | 49 | 3.34 ± 0.92 | 49 | 3.66 ± 0.90 | 29 | |
3-5. Reporting project results and preparing a report | 2.09 ± 0.98 | 48 | 3.44 ± 0.91 | 48 | 3.66 ± 0.85 | 30 | |
4. Hand hygiene promotion | 4-1. Investigating the level of hand hygiene practice | 3.63 ± 0.92 | 3 | 4.27 ± 0.68 | 2 | 3.62 ± 0.77 | 40 |
4-2. Hand hygiene promotion activity | 3.57 ± 0.95 | 5 | 4.27 ± 0.68 | 2 | 3.63 ± 0.78 | 38 | |
5. Medical instrument disinfection and sterilization management | 5-1. Selecting disinfectants † | 3.21 ± 0.95 | 12 | 4.09 ± 0.67 | 16 | 3.68 ± 0.72 | 28 |
5-2. Identifying and advising how to disinfect medical equipment † | 3.15 ± 0.96 | 13 | 4.03 ± 0.70 | 22 | 3.70 ± 0.69 | 24 | |
5-3. Disposable goods recycling management | 3.44 ± 1.22 | 7 | 4.25 ± 0.68 | 4 | 3.63 ± 0.79 | 37 | |
5-4. Sterilization disinfection method investigation and suggestion | 3.26 ± 1.00 | 10 | 4.03 ± 0.72 | 22 | 3.66 ± 0.70 | 32 | |
6. Isolation precautions to patients with infectious diseases, including reportable diseases | 6-1. Checking isolation precautions depending on the symptoms | 2.71 ± 1.21 | 20 | 4.03 ± 0.79 | 22 | 3.64 ± 0.76 | 35 |
6-2. Isolating patients depending on the symptoms | 2.59 ± 1.17 | 25 | 4.01 ± 0.78 | 27 | 3.62 ± 0.84 | 39 | |
6-3. Isolation room management | 2.65 ± 1.24 | 23 | 4.05 ± 0.80 | 20 | 3.68 ± 0.82 | 27 | |
6-4. Wearing personal protective equipment | 2.79 ± 1.23 | 19 | 4.12 ± 0.71 | 15 | 3.64 ± 0.80 | 33 | |
6-5. Reporting reportable diseases | 2.14 ± 1.27 | 45 | 4.16 ± 0.75 | 11 | 3.66 ± 0.84 | 31 | |
6-6. Transferring patients with reportable diseases to another hospital | 2.16 ± 1.27 | 44 | 4.18 ± 0.74 | 9 | 3.76 ± 0.84 | 16 | |
7. Infection control of each strain | 7-1. MRSA infection control † | 2.62 ± 1.31 | 24 | 4.13 ± 0.76 | 14 | 3.81 ± 0.70 | 13 |
7-2. VRE infection control | 2.58 ± 1.35 | 26 | 4.17 ± 0.76 | 10 | 3.89 ± 0.71 | 4 | |
7-3. Other antimicrobial resistant bacteria control (CRE, etc.) | 2.45 ± 1.27 | 33 | 4.08 ± 0.84 | 17 | 3.82 ± 0.75 | 12 | |
7-4. Tuberculosis control | 2.69 ± 1.34 | 21 | 4.25 ± 0.71 | 4 | 3.83 ± 0.73 | 10 | |
7-5. Influenza control † | 2.85 ± 1.23 | 17 | 4.07 ± 0.80 | 18 | 3.72 ± 0.79 | 20 | |
7-6. C. difficile control | 2.46 ± 1.25 | 31 | 3.95 ± 0.88 | 30 | 3.73 ± 0.80 | 19 | |
7-7. Scabies control † | 3.02 ± 1.33 | 16 | 4.32 ± 0.72 | 1 | 3.89 ± 0.74 | 3 | |
8. Infection control for each site | 8-1. Bacteremia control † | 3.09 ± 1.17 | 15 | 4.15 ± 0.71 | 13 | 3.70 ± 0.75 | 23 |
8-2. Pneumonia control † | 3.23 ± 1.15 | 11 | 4.22 ± 0.70 | 8 | 3.78 ± 0.74 | 15 | |
8-3. Urinary tract infection control † | 3.54 ± 1.06 | 6 | 4.24 ± 0.70 | 7 | 3.72 ± 0.75 | 21 | |
9. Infection control for healthcare workers (HCWs) | 9-1. Development and operation of an HCWs infection control programme | 2.34 ± 1.03 | 38 | 3.73 ± 0.76 | 33 | 3.75 ± 0.75 | 17 |
9-2. Development and operation of a vaccination programme | 2.57 ± 1.01 | 28 | 3.72 ± 0.76 | 34 | 3.60 ± 0.75 | 41 | |
9-3. Management of HCWs exposure to infectious diseases | 2.67 ± 1.05 | 22 | 3.96 ± 0.72 | 29 | 3.69 ± 0.72 | 26 | |
9-4. Blood and body fluid exposure management | 2.83 ± 1.11 | 18 | 4.02 ± 0.72 | 26 | 3.64 ± 0.77 | 34 | |
10. Environmental infection control | 10-1. Air and water quality management | 2.28 ± 1.01 | 40 | 3.70 ± 0.78 | 35 | 3.71 ± 0.76 | 22 |
10-2. Infection control in construction | 2.11 ± 0.98 | 47 | 3.61 ± 0.82 | 43 | 3.73 ± 0.81 | 18 | |
10-3. Clean/contaminated area distinction | 3.43 ± 1.00 | 8 | 4.03 ± 0.70 | 22 | 3.46 ± 0.82 | 44 | |
10-4. Advice on environmental cleaning | 3.61 ± 0.87 | 4 | 4.04 ± 0.67 | 21 | 3.36 ± 0.75 | 46 | |
10-5. Environmental disinfection method investigation and suggestion | 3.14 ± 1.00 | 14 | 3.99 ± 0.71 | 28 | 3.64 ± 0.70 | 36 | |
10-6. Laundry management | 3.92 ± 0.82 | 1 | 4.16 ± 0.66 | 11 | 3.46 ± 0.75 | 45 | |
10-7. Advice on medical waste management | 3.91 ± 1.01 | 2 | 4.25 ± 0.70 | 4 | 3.52 ± 0.80 | 43 | |
11. Consultation and communication with internal and external departments | 11-1. Consultation on infection control | 2.23 ± 0.96 | 43 | 3.62 ± 0.83 | 42 | 3.35 ± 0.73 | 48 |
11-2. Participating in hospital meetings | 2.43 ± 1.09 | 35 | 3.53 ± 0.86 | 46 | 3.28 ± 0.81 | 49 | |
11-3. Organizing and participating in the infection control committee | 2.34 ± 1.02 | 39 | 3.52 ± 0.88 | 47 | 3.35 ± 0.78 | 47 | |
11-4. Collaboration with public health centers | 1.92 ± 0.9 | 50 | 3.19 ± 1.00 | 50 | 3.23 ± 0.88 | 51 | |
11-5. Publishing infection control newsletters | 1.57 ± 0.89 | 51 | 3.13 ± 1.00 | 51 | 3.58 ± 0.95 | 42 | |
11-6. Preparing for the Korean accreditation programme for healthcare organizations † | 3.32 ± 1.03 | 9 | 4.06 ± 0.73 | 19 | 4.07 ± 0.75 | 1 | |
12. Self-development | 12-1. Participating in education programme and seminars outside the hospital | 2.14 ± 0.99 | 46 | 3.61 ± 0.94 | 43 | 3.25 ± 0.88 | 50 |
Key Task | Elements of Key Task |
---|---|
Selecting disinfectants | Categorizing the infection risks of the object (goods, environmental surface, etc.) to be disinfected Selecting disinfectants according to disinfection level |
Performing procedures to introduce disinfectants | |
Identifying and advising how to disinfect medical equipment | Classifying the infection risks of equipment Determining the level of disinfection according to the infection risks of the equipment to be disinfected Identifying disinfectant types and disinfection methods and procedures according to disinfection level Providing feedback to the department or staff about the disinfection method identified |
MRSA infection control | Establishing guidelines (policies) for multidrug-resistant strain control Preparing sickrooms for patients with multidrug-resistant strains Selecting resources for multidrug-resistant strain control Education for employees on multidrug-resistant strain control Monitoring employees on the compliance with guidelines and precautions for isolation Collecting feedback on monitoring results Preparing outbreak reports Preparing monitoring reports Activity for multidrug-resistant strain control promotion |
Influenza control | Establishing guidelines (policies) for influenza control |
Education for employees on influenza control | |
Monitoring influenza outbreaks Managing patient and employee exposure to influenza Monitoring compliance with droplet precautions | |
Feedback monitoring results to departments and employees | |
Preparing outbreak reports and monitoring reports if needed | |
Scabies control | Establishing guidelines (policies) for scabies control |
Education for employees on scabies control | |
Monitoring the occurrence of scabies Managing patient and employee exposure to scabies | |
Monitoring compliance with contact precautions | |
Preparing outbreak reports and monitoring reports if needed | |
Bacteremia control | Establishing guidelines (policies) for bloodstream infection control |
Determining healthcare-related bloodstream infection surveillance standards and methods Training procedures and methods to prevent bacteremia Monitoring compliance with guidelines (policies) Preparing outbreak reports and monitoring reports if needed Activity for infection control promotion (ex: bundle approach) | |
Pneumonia control | Establishing guidelines (policies) for pneumonia control |
Determining healthcare-related pneumonia surveillance standards and methods Training procedures and methods to prevent pneumonia Monitoring compliance with guidelines (policies) Preparing outbreak reports and monitoring reports if needed Activity for infection control promotion (ex: bundle approach) | |
Urinary tract infection control | Establishing guidelines (policies) for urinary tract infection (UTI) control |
Determining healthcare-related UTI surveillance standards and methods Training procedures and methods to prevent UTI Monitoring compliance with guidelines (policies) Preparing outbreak reports and monitoring reports if needed Activity for infection control promotion (ex: bundle approach) | |
Preparing for the Korean accreditation program for healthcare organizations | Identifying the accreditation criteria for infection control Ensuring that infection control policies meet accreditation criteria Identifying the infrastructure required to implement infection control policies Monitoring compliance with infection control policies Preparing reports and evidence data for accreditation |
Module Name | Schedule | Theme | |
---|---|---|---|
Hand hygiene and safe injection practice | 1st Day | 30 min | Pre-test and introduction to the education process |
100 min | Hand hygiene theories and practice | ||
90 min | Hand hygiene practice evaluation and promotion activity | ||
90 min | Safe injection theories and practice | ||
60 min | Safe injection practice evaluation and promotion activity | ||
Disinfection and environment control | 2nd Day | 100 min | Understanding of disinfection and sterilization/Standards for disinfection and environment control |
90 min | Principles of disinfection and environment control | ||
60 min | Practical application of disinfection and environment control | ||
60 min | Activity for disinfection and environment control enhancement | ||
Risk assessment and multidrug-resistant strains control | 3rd Day | 100 min | Risk assessment methodology |
90 min | Risk assessment application and reporting | ||
90 min | Epidemiology and control of multidrug-resistant strain | ||
60 min | Practical application of multidrug-resistant strain infection, performance evaluation, and promotion activity | ||
Urinary tract infection control Respiratory infection and visitor control | 4th Day | 100 min | Urinary tract infection epidemiology and infection control |
90 min | Urinary tract infection control indexes and reporting | ||
90 min | Aspiration pneumonia infection control intervention and index management | ||
60 min | Influenza infection control intervention and index management/visitor management |
Before Programme | After Programme | z(p) * | |
---|---|---|---|
M ± SD | M ± SD | ||
Process evaluation | |||
Programme satisfaction level † | 93.23 ± 3.79 | ||
Hand hygiene and Safe injection practices | 90.57 ± 10.05 | ||
Disinfection and environmental control | 92.55 ± 10.06 | ||
Risk assessment ang multidrug-resistant strains control | 95.91 ± 6.89 | ||
Urinary tract infection control | 93.38 ± 9.05 | ||
Respiratory infection and visitor control | 93.47 ± 10.40 | ||
Effectiveness evaluation | |||
Knowledge ‡ | 18.89 ± 2.39 | 26.13 ± 1.09 | −4.70 (<0.001) |
Hand hygiene | 2.50 ± 0.56 | 2.89 ± 0.40 | −2.96 (0.003) |
Safe injection practices | 4.46 ± 1.02 | 5.00 ± 0.00 | −3.06 (0.002) |
Disinfection and environmental control | 3.21 ± 1.05 | 4.79 ± 0.49 | −4.34 (<0.001) |
Risk assessment ang multidrug-resistant strains control | 3.83 ± 1.17 | 5.00 ± 0.00 | −3.89 (<0.001) |
Urinary tract infection control | 3.43 ± 0.94 | 4.63 ± 0.47 | −4.06 (<0.001) |
Respiratory infection and visitor control | 1.47 ± 1.02 | 3.82 ± 1.00 | −4.47 (<0.001) |
Skill ‡ | 13.98 ± 3.56 | 24.91 ± 2.46 | −4.70 (<0.001) |
Hand hygiene | 2.69 ± 1.56 | 4.53 ± 0.61 | −4.25 (<0.001) |
Safe injection practice | 1.04 ± 1.06 | 3.24 ± 1.59 | −4.22 (<0.001) |
Disinfection and environmental control | 2.64 ± 1.17 | 4.46 ± 1.15 | −4.42 (<0.001) |
Risk assessment ang multidrug-resistant strains control | 3.34 ± 1.11 | 4.86 ± 0.44 | −4.45 (<0.001) |
Urinary tract infection control | 2.05 ± 1.49 | 4.02 ± 1.24 | −4.38 (<0.001) |
Respiratory infection and visitor control | 2.21 ± 1.29 | 3.79 ± 1.21 | −3.93 (<0.001) |
Awareness of infection control § | 168.90 ± 8.74 | 171.10 ± 7.36 | −1.77 (0.077) |
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Jeong, S.Y.; Kim, O.S. Development and Application of an Educational-Training Programme for Infection Control Practitioners in Long-Term Care Hospitals. Healthcare 2023, 11, 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040542
Jeong SY, Kim OS. Development and Application of an Educational-Training Programme for Infection Control Practitioners in Long-Term Care Hospitals. Healthcare. 2023; 11(4):542. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040542
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeong, Sun Young, and Og Son Kim. 2023. "Development and Application of an Educational-Training Programme for Infection Control Practitioners in Long-Term Care Hospitals" Healthcare 11, no. 4: 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040542