Orientin Induces G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Mitochondria Mediated Intrinsic Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Carcinoma HT29 Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Reagents
2.2. Cell Culture Maintenance and Treatment
2.3. Tetrazolium Based Cell Viability Assay
2.4. Morphological Observation and Cell-Cycle Analysis
2.5. Annexin V-FITC/PI Apoptotic Assay
2.6. Measurement of Intracellular ROS
2.7. Western Blotting
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Orientin Exhibits Cytotoxicity in HT29 Cells
3.2. Morphological Changes Induced in HT29 Cells by Orientin
3.3. Initiation of the G0/G1 Phase Cell Cycle Arrest by Orientin
3.4. Orientin Induced p21WAF1/CIP1 Mediated G0/G1 Arrest in HT29 Cells
3.5. Orientin Induces Apoptosis in HT29 Cells
3.6. Intracellular Accumulation of ROS by Orientin in HT29 Cells
3.7. Orientin Modulates Bcl-2 Family Proteins
3.8. Cytochrome C Release and Translocation of Smac/DIABLO by Orientin
3.9. Orientin Activates Caspase Cascade and Induces PARP Cleavage
3.10. Orientin Blocks the Inhibitor of Apoptotic Proteins (IAP)
3.11. Orientin Induces p53 Expression and DNA Damage
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Thangaraj, K.; Balasubramanian, B.; Park, S.; Natesan, K.; Liu, W.; Manju, V. Orientin Induces G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Mitochondria Mediated Intrinsic Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Carcinoma HT29 Cells. Biomolecules 2019, 9, 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090418
Thangaraj K, Balasubramanian B, Park S, Natesan K, Liu W, Manju V. Orientin Induces G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Mitochondria Mediated Intrinsic Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Carcinoma HT29 Cells. Biomolecules. 2019; 9(9):418. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090418
Chicago/Turabian StyleThangaraj, Kalaiyarasu, Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian, Sungkwon Park, Karthi Natesan, Wenchao Liu, and Vaiyapuri Manju. 2019. "Orientin Induces G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Mitochondria Mediated Intrinsic Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Carcinoma HT29 Cells" Biomolecules 9, no. 9: 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9090418