Spatially Structured Environmental Analysis of Marine Ecological Landscapes Based on Machine Vision

Abstract

In this study, based on the current development status of Zhanjiang’s marine economy and ecological landscape environmental spatial structure in China, an appropriate coordination measurement model tailored to Zhanjiang’s marine economy and the ecological environment was selected. The spatially structured environment of marine ecological landscape (MEL) is analyzed based on machine vision (MV) technology. It established a subsystem for Zhanjiang’s marine economy and ecological landscape environmental spatial structure and chose relevant system indicators. Through data standardization, principal component analysis and regression fitting analysis, the spatial structured coordination degree of MEL is measured, and the marine economy and ecological environment are comprehensively analyzed, which is important for the future development of MEL. By charting the coordination degree trend over the years and conducting an empirical analysis of the comprehensive development level and coordination degree of Zhanjiang’s marine economy and ecological environment, policy recommendations are offered to encourage the harmonious development of Zhanjiang’s marine economy and ecological landscape environmental spatial structure.

1. Introduction

In today’s rapidly developing society, the negative impact of the market economy has made people pay more attention to the pursuit of external interests and gradually neglect to think about their beliefs. Under the influence of such materialistic and utilitarian values, people’s excessive use and exploitation of the environment and resources have caused more and more environmental problems, such as global warming and destruction of the ozone layer [1].

The study of the spatial structuring of MELs is of great value and significance for improving the environmental problems in coastal areas and promoting sustainable economic development in coastal areas. From a worldwide perspective, China’s marine ecological and environmental problems are particularly serious. For China, the study of marine ecological and environmental problems is necessary to analyze from the perspective of the system to study the methods and countermeasures for the governance of China’s marine system, so it is necessary to start the study from the development [2], especially the external factors of pollutants emitted in the development process, for the analysis of the spatial structuring of the MEL environment, in order to protect the marine ecological environment [3].

Providing food, energy and transport for people around the world, the ocean is a vital resource for human life. However, marine ecosystems are being degraded, marine biodiversity is being affected and the sustainability of marine resources is being threatened by the rapid development of marine industries. Several studies have examined the relationship between the development of marine industries and the development of marine ecosystems. For example, according to a study by Zhang and Chen (2020), the development of marine industries such as aquaculture, shipping and tourism has led to the degradation of the marine ecological landscape environment. This is because these industries cause pollution, habitat destruction and overexploitation, and may adversely affect marine biodiversity [4]. At the same time, some researchers believe that the development of the marine economy may positively affect the development of the marine ecological landscape. For example, a study by Guo et al. (2019) found that marine protected area (MPA) development can promote marine industry sustainable development while protecting marine biodiversity and ecological landscapes [5].

Ehler, C. and Douvere, F. (2009) in their marine spatial planning step-by-step approach stated that “Ecosystem-based, marine spatial planning of human activities could result in society gaining more benefits from the use of the marine environment than previously, while its natural diversity is better protected” [6]. Fanny Douvere makes the following points: conflicts among users and the development of offshore economic activities are not the only pressing issue in the oceans. The biggest concern today is the impact of all these activities on the marine environment or, in other words, the conflicts between human use and the marine environment [7]. Rempis N, Tsilimigkas G in “Marine spatial planning on Crete Island, Greece: Methodological and implementation issues” states that marine spatial plans need to be enacted and implemented, considering the particularities of marine areas, the existing and future activities and uses and their environmental impact and the land–sea interaction [8].

In the United States, there has been a significant focus on developing the marine economy. However, according to Glavovic et al.’s 2018 study, this development can have negative impacts on the marine ecosystem, such as increased pollution and the destruction of habitats. To achieve sustainable development, they suggest the implementation of ecosystem-based management and conservation measures [9]. Similarly, Tafuri et al.’s 2021 study found that the marine economy’s impact on the ecological landscape environment in Italy can be both positive and negative. They propose a holistic approach that incorporates ecosystem-based management, sustainable tourism and blue growth strategies [10].

The literature indicates that the development of the marine economy has a significant effect on the marine ecosystem’s ecological landscape. To achieve a healthy marine ecosystem, sustainable development, which balances economic growth with environmental protection, is critical [11]. Pollution control, ecosystem-based management and sustainable tourism are among the measures that are necessary to achieve this balance. Therefore, striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection is essential to ensure the sustainable use of marine resources [12].

This paper briefly analyzes the characteristics of marine ecological environment and the principles of marine ecological environmental protection and analyzes the spatially structured environment of MEL with the help of MV technology, starting from the basic theory of landscape ecology combined with ecological environment analysis, providing a groundbreaking new foundation, and taking the marine ecology of Zhanjiang as an example, conducting an empirical analysis trial. In terms of research methodology, the system framework of landscape ecology is used as the basis of research, in-depth analysis is conducted, questions are posed, empirical and normative analyses are used in accordance with the research method of system theory, and theoretical research, practical application and post-evaluation tests are used as the main lines to conduct in-depth research on the spatially structured environment of MELs through the qualitative analysis of specific patterns of urban marine spatial structure [13].

2. MEL Environment Studies

2.1. Characteristics of the Marine Ecosystem

The four characteristics of the marine ecosystem are commonly referred to as “CEVC”: coherence, equality, variability and constraint. These terms were first introduced by marine ecologist Robert Paine in his 1966 paper titled “Food Web Complexity and Species Diversity”. The CEVC framework provides a useful way to understand the complex dynamics and relationships within marine ecosystems and how they are shaped by keystone species [14].

Marine ecological environment refers to the natural environmental system composed of biological community and its environment interaction in the ocean. The whole ocean is a large eco-environmental system, including many different levels of marine eco-environmental systems. Each marine ecological environment system occupies a certain space, contains interactive biological and abiotic components, and forms a unity with a certain structure and function through energy flow and material circulation [15].

The type of first-level environment is classified according to physical and geographical conditions. The ocean accounts for 70.8% of the total area of the Earth. Compared with the continental environment, the marine ecological environment has obvious characteristics. The temperature of sea water is lower than that of the mainland, and the change is small. Salinity is one of the important properties of sea water. This is different from the characteristics of multi-oxidation conditions and multi-freshwater environment in the mainland. According to the depth and topography of the sea, the ocean can be further divided into coastal, shallow, semi-deep and deep-sea environments [16]. The wave base is called the coastal area or coastal zone, where the hydrodynamic conditions, water medium conditions and submarine landforms are very complex, and the main marine economic activities of human beings take place in this part, and human activities have the greatest influence on the marine ecological environment. The shallow sea refers to the continental region below the wave base to a water depth of 200 m, where the topography is flat; the slope is very small, less than 4 degrees; the semi-deep sea outside the shallow sea is a continental slope with a steep slope, 4 to 7 degrees or more; the topography of the slope is rugged, and there are deep underwater canyons; and the foot of the slope can reach 2000 m water depth; then, outward is the deep-sea ocean basin, whose topography is relatively flat. The nature of the ocean and the environment of the ocean have a significant impact on the existence and distribution of all kinds of marine life and sediments [17]. It has the following characteristics:

Coherence: Coherence includes the environment, between long-term and immediate interests, between land-based and marine systems, and between the two systems in terms of environment and interests [18]. For coordination between economic development and the environment, economic development and the environment are economically compatible when the demand and use of marine resources by economic development can maintain the development requirements of the marine ecosystem. This has similarities with the concept of emerald growth proposed by Tagliapietra et al. 2020. The Emerald Growth concept offers a suitable framework for better dealing with complex and complicated issues pertinent to sustainable management of transitional waters. Although each transitional water body is unique in many ways, yet the drivers shaping their future development scenarios are similar and some standard integrated planning and sustainable management procedures are attainable [19].

Equity: Equity includes the equitable use of the oceans by human productive activities in the same region at different times and the equitable appropriation of the oceans by human productive activities between different regions at the same time. Equity in the appropriation of the oceans by human productive activities between different regions during the same period means that human activities in different regions during the same period should not infringe or impair the rights of humans in other regions to appropriation and use of the resources and environment [20].

Variability: Differences in the geographical location, climate and land environment of the sea area cause differences in the marine ecological environment of different regions. The South China Sea, the East China Sea, the Yellow Sea and the Bohai Sea in China’s waters show large differences in the marine ecological environment due to the differences in spatial geographic location and the influence of the economic development of cities around the sea. At the same time, the impact of different marine ecological environment characteristics on coastal economic development also differs to different degrees. The work on economic development and ecological environment protection in different seas should be carried out in conjunction with the characteristics of different seas in order to achieve the expected results [21].

Constraint: The marine ecosystem has the ability to recover itself to varying degrees. In the process of marine exploitation, if the limit of its recovery capacity is not exceeded, the marine ecosystem will recover to a certain extent through the cyclic evolution of marine organisms and the resource environment. However, if the recovery capacity limit is exceeded, the marine ecosystem will not only fail to recover, but will also develop in a reverse degradation manner, leading to the collapse of the marine ecosystem [22]. The improvement of marine productivity should not be carried out blindly and uncontrollably; otherwise, the marine ecosystem will eventually be extinguished if the recovery capacity of the marine ecosystem is exceeded. The perspectives on managing complex systems often involve making tradeoffs between conflicting stakeholder objectives; this naturally leads to conflict. In the oceans, fisheries, tourism and shipping, all compete for space and all impact the ecosystem to some degree, as mentioned in the article ‘Five rules for pragmatic blue growth’ of Burgess et al. 2018, which can support the establishment of this property [23].

2.2. Principles of Marine Ecological Protection

The Ocean Protection Principles are a set of guidelines and principles that provide a framework for protecting the ocean and its resources. The designation and reference of the Ocean Protection Principles is important because it helps to promote greater awareness of the importance of ocean conservation, guides policy and decision-making, encourages collaboration and holds stakeholders accountable for their actions. These principles are designed to promote sustainable and responsible use of the ocean’s resources, while also ensuring the long-term health and well-being of marine ecosystems. By referencing these principles, policymakers can ensure that their decisions are in line with best practices for ocean protection [24].

Definition of marine ecosystem integrity: First, it is important to recognize that marine systems are complex and diverse in their composition, and therefore ensure the integrity of marine ecosystems by ensuring that the integrity of each component is not compromised [25]. Second, it is important to promote and stimulate the orderly interaction of the components in accordance with the principles associated with marine ecosystems. This would indicate that the basic nature of the elements in the normal functioning of the ecosystem are intact to meet the operational needs. Marine ecology is similar to and different from terrestrial ecosystems in that they are both based on producers, and the sunlight absorbed by producers can provide the material basis for the flow of energy throughout the ecosystem. The complete structure and sound functioning of these six components are essential elements of a complete marine ecosystem. Moreover, the integrity of this constituent element is not absolute, and human interference occurs, coupled with the fact that there are no so-called temporal or spatial boundaries in the structure and composition of the ecosystem itself; the ecosystem is alive, and therefore, we are protecting the balance and integrity of the ecosystem by coordinating the dynamic balance of the components of the ecosystem [26].

2.2.1. Principles of Marine Ecological Integrity

Among the concepts of the scientific concept of development, the discussion on the relationship between man and nature has been widely paid attention to by scholars in the field; energy is constantly circulating, and matter is constantly flowing along the food chain. The energy cycle includes people and people, people and nature, and the cycle within nature. This cycle places people and nature on an equal footing, which means that people and nature should not be used and used but should be equal and mutually beneficial and interdependent. The integrity of ecosystems is an important indicator in considering the effectiveness of environmental work and environmental management systems [27].

Maintaining the stability of marine ecosystems has two benefits for humankind. First, maintaining the stability of the ecosystem can help humankind to gain a deeper understanding of the marine ecosystem and is more conducive to the exploration and utilization of marine resources. The ocean floor contains a large amount of fossil energy, and its scientific collection and utilization can bring positive impacts on the progress and development of mankind. In addition, the protection of marine ecosystems is for better harmony between human beings and nature. The destruction of marine ecosystems can bring devastating disasters, and human power is very small in the face of disasters, so the protection of marine ecosystems can contribute to the long-term development of mankind [28].

2.2.2. Principles of Marine Biodiversity

Biodiversity is a condition for the survival of humankind. The diversity of marine life should be studied in greater depth and detail and safeguarded in order to be able to use or modify the diverse ecosystems in a more sustainable and comprehensive manner. Biodiversity can be simply expressed as the variety of organisms, the variability of organisms and the complexity of their ecosystems, involving species, genes and ecosystems as a whole. The biodiversity of the oceans and seas also includes the diversity of species, genes and ecosystems [29].

2.2.3. Genetic Diversity

Genetic diversity has a very important place in the overall structure of biodiversity and is mainly concerned with all the genetic information available to organisms throughout the oceans. Any organism has many genes that are closely related to its genetics, and the coding information related to genetics is hidden in these genes. Therefore, what is commonly referred to as genetic diversity is actually genetic diversity [30]. The larger the gene pool of a species, the more adaptable it can be. Additionally, that is the premise that allows organisms to evolve and differentiate.

2.2.4. Species Diversity

Obviously, in the ocean, no organism, no matter what it is, can exist alone from other species. For example, fish must rely on algae to get the food and oxygen they need to survive, species up the food chain feed on smaller fish, and decomposers in turn break down the carcasses and metabolites of the rest of the species, thus giving the algae the necessary inorganic material. Ultimately, this constitutes a complete biological chain. For the ocean, its species diversity includes a diversity of animal, plant and microbial components [31].

3. MV-Based Analysis of Structured Environments in Ocean Space

Zhanjiang is located on the Chinese mainland’s southernmost tip, in the southwest of Guangdong Province, bordering the South China Sea in the east and the Beibu Gulf in the west, and has a tropical northern monsoon climate (Figure 1). The city is typical of a coastal city [32]. By the end of 2021, the city’s resident population is projected to reach 7,030,900, marking an increase of 5,020,000 compared to the previous year’s end. Out of the total resident population of 3,266,600, 3,266,600 were urban residents, accounting for 46.46 percent of the total resident population, which represents a 10 percentage points increase compared to the previous year’s end. There were 8.41 million births annually, resulting in a birth rate of 12.00‰. The city also recorded 27,200 deaths, with a death rate of 3.88‰. The natural growth of the population was 56,900, with a natural growth rate of 8.12 percent. In 2021, Zhanjiang recorded a gross regional product (preliminary figures) of 355.993 billion yuan, representing an 85% year-on-year increase. Out of this figure, the primary industry added a value of 64.094 billion yuan, marking a 7.8% increase and contributing to 17.9% of the regional GDP growth. The secondary industry, on the other hand, contributed a value of 137.318 billion yuan, reflecting an 11.3% increase and contributing to 46.9% of the regional GDP growth. The tertiary industry added a value of 154.581 billion yuan, representing a 67% increase and contributing to 35.2% of the regional GDP growth. The proportion of the three industries stood at 180:386:43.4, with the secondary industry’s proportion increasing by 32 percentage points. The per capita GDP reached 50,814 yuan, showing an 81% increase (the data used in this paper are sourced from the Zhanjiang City National Economic and Social Development Statistical Bulletin).

With the rapid development of the marine economy in Zhanjiang, the contradiction between marine economy and ecological environment has become increasingly prominent. It is a great challenge for marine economy and ecological environment to develop well for a long time. Understanding the degree of coordination and changing trend between the two is of great significance to ensure the long-term good development of marine economy and ecological environment. Therefore, the two systems of marine economy and ecological environment are constructed in accordance with the principles of science, maneuverability, regionality, comprehensiveness and comprehensiveness [33]. By selecting the systematic representative and data availability indexes of China Marine Statistical Yearbook and China Marine Yearbook, a scientific and feasible coordination degree model is set up to calculate, and the coordination degree and grade of marine economy and ecological environment in Zhanjiang over the years are obtained.

In this paper, we applied the principal component analysis method to analyze the indexes of marine economy and marine ecological environment to obtain the marine economic development index and marine ecological environment development index; then, we carried out regression fitting analysis on the development indexes of the two systems to obtain the comprehensive development index of marine economy and marine ecological environment, and obtained the coordination coefficient by measurement; then, we used the mathematical model of the coordination system of the two systems to measure the coordination. Then, the coordination coefficient was calculated by applying the mathematical model of the two systems [34].

3.1. Standardization of Data

In order to eliminate the influence of the indicator data scale and order of magnitude on the validity of the indicators, make the coordination evaluation results more realistic and accurate and facilitate the evaluation results to be given, the indicators of the marine economy and ecosystem of Zhanjiang were standardized through the standardization processing method, and the formula of the standard transformation method was as follows:

$$Z{X}_i=\frac{x_i-\overline{x}}{s},i=1,\dots ,p$$

(1)

where s is the standard deviation of the i-th indicator, and the calculation formula for s is:

$$s=\sqrt{\frac{1}{p-1}{\displaystyle \sum _{i=1}^p{(x_i-x)}^2}}$$

(2)

The marine economy and the ecological landscape’s environmental spatial structure form a complex system. When selecting evaluation indicators, it is essential to capture both comprehensive and integrated features while also highlighting the specific, localized aspects of the marine economy and the ecological landscape’s environmental spatial structure [35]. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the principles of comprehensiveness and representativeness when choosing indicators. This approach allows for an objective representation of the nature and interrelationships between the marine economy and ecological environment, accurately reflecting the quality and degree of coordination in the development of the marine economy and ecological landscape’s environmental spatial structure [36].

Taking into account the essence of coordinated development between the marine economy and ecological environment, the development characteristics of Zhanjiang’s marine economy and ecological landscape environmental structure, the requirements of the coordination measurement model, the principles of constructing the indicator system and the availability of historical data, we established six indicator systems. The specific indicators are presented in

Table 1. Indicator analysis table.

Indicator Code	Indicator Content	Indicator Elements
X1	The total output value of marine industries (in billions of yuan)	Development Level
X2	The proportion of the output value of the primary marine industry to the total output value (%)	Structural Level
X3	The growth rate of the output value of the tertiary marine industry (%)
X4	The growth rate of the output value of the marine economy (%)	Development Potential
X5	The proportion of industrial wastewater discharge (%)	Environmental Pollution
X6	Marine research and technical professionals	Innovation Level

below:

Taking the marine ecological landscape of Zhanjiang as the research object, this paper analyzes the spatial structured environment of the marine ecological landscape of Zhanjiang. The initial data are shown in

Table 2. Initial data of sub-systems.

Index	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
X1	412	570.8	737.9	760.4	844.96	1032.2	1237.5
X2	15.20	15.30	15.300	16.50	17.60	17.80	18.10
X3	35.23	19.20	20.90	9.20	18.96	14.29	10.58
X4	9.10	8.13	7.65	6.89	5.98	7.2	7.66
X5	13.97	25.32	18.10	7.83	21.91	15.22	11.86
X6	6895.00	7184.00	7429.00	7662.00	7802.00	7957.00	8139.00

.

3.2. Principal Component Analysis Methods

We reduced the duplication of information reflected by indicators, so that Zhanjiang reflects the system-related information truly and reliably, and assigned more objective and accurate weights to the measurement of the comprehensive development level of the two systems, while the principal component analysis transformed the multidimensional indicators down to a few comprehensive indicators, requiring zero covariance between the principal components. Therefore, principal component analysis was used for the preliminary processing of the standardized results of the two systems [37].

The mathematical model for principal component analysis is shown below:

$$\{\begin{array}{c}{F}_1=a_{12}Z{X}_1+a_{22}Z{X}_2+\dots +a_{p2}Z{X}_p\\ Fp=a_{1M}Z{X}_1+a_{2M}Z{X}_2+\dots +a_{pm}Z{X}_p\end{array}$$

(3)

where a_1i, a_2i, …, a_pi (i = 1, …, m) are the eigenvalue vectors of the covariance matrix of X.

3.3. Regression Fitting Analysis Methods

To generate the comprehensive score, we used a weighted scoring system that took into account various indicators related to the environment, economy and society. Sub-system 1 and Sub-system 2 refer to the two main components of the scoring system, with Sub-system 1 focusing on economic and social indicators, mainly the value of the integrated level of development of the marine economic system. Sub-system 2 focuses on environmental indicators, mainly the value of the integrated level of the development of the marine ecosystem. The data used here are from the China Marine Statistical Yearbook and China Marine Yearbook [38].

The value of the integrated level of development of the marine economic system and the value of the integrated level of development of the marine ecosystem were used as two separate variables, as shown in Figure 2.

By treating the comprehensive development level values of the marine economy system and the marine ecological environment system as two separate variables, with the comprehensive development level value A of the marine economy as the dependent variable and the comprehensive development level value B of the marine ecological landscape environmental spatial structure as the independent variable, a regression fitting analysis was conducted. This resulted in the comprehensive development index A’ of the marine ecological environment level concerning marine economic development being obtained. With the comprehensive development level value B of the marine ecological environment as the dependent variable, and the comprehensive development level value A of the marine economy as the independent variable, the comprehensive index B of the marine economic development level concerning the marine ecological environment level was obtained. The comprehensive development index A of marine economic development and the comprehensive index B of marine ecological environment level are 1.718276725 and 0.3859205, respectively [39]. The data in Figure 2 were processed using regression fitting using the software SPSS 16.0 and the coefficients of the regression fitting for the above two cases were obtained as shown in

Table 3. Regression coefficient table.

B to A regression fitting coefficient	Model
	1	(constant)	7.01953 × 10−5
		B	1.718276725
A to B regression fitting coefficient	Model
	1	(constant)	−2.61472 × 10−5
		A	0.3859205

below:

4. Spatially Structured Environmental Analysis of MELs Based on MV

4.1. Measurement of Spatially Structured Coordination of MELs

Based on the computed data, the coordination degree of Zhanjiang’s marine economy and ecological landscape environmental spatial structure is derived by substituting the values into the mathematical formula for coordination. The coordination evaluation criteria are as follows: 0–0.19: severe imbalance; 0.2–0.39: imbalance; 0.4–0.59: approaching imbalance; 0.6–0.79: moderate coordination; 0.8–0.99: high-quality coordination. As illustrated in Table 2, from 2006 to 2012, the overall trend of the coordination degree of Zhanjiang’s marine economy and ecological landscape environmental spatial structure experienced significant fluctuations. It declined from a moderate coordination level in 2006 to a severe imbalance level in 2007. Although the coordination degree of the marine economy and ecological landscape environmental spatial structure improved in 2008, it remained quite low, staying at the level of severe imbalance. From 2008 to 2011, the coordination degree between the marine economy and the ecological environment increased annually, reaching a high-quality coordination level of 0.99 in 2011. However, in 2012, the coordination degree of the marine economy and ecological landscape environmental spatial structure dropped sharply to 0.46, indicating a state approaching imbalance. In this paper, based on the data obtained from the above calculations, the final calculation of the coordination degree between marine economy and ecological environment in Zhanjiang, are shown in Figure 3.

4.2. Integrated Analysis of Marine Economy and Ecological Environment in Zhanjiang

We selected the necessary data of the marine economic and ecological environment system of Zhanjiang from 2006 to 2012 and applied the principal component analysis method to analyze the indicators of the two major marine economic and ecological environment systems.

The combined marine economy and ecology score is typically obtained by integrating multiple indicators that reflect the economic and ecological performance of a given area or region. The indicators were weighted and normalized; the combined marine economy and ecology score can be calculated by adding the weighted and normalized values for each indicator. This score provides a comprehensive measure of the overall economic and ecological performance of the marine ecosystem [40]. The indicators of the ocean economy imply that values below 0 indicate a lack of continuity in economic development that is not logically matched, while values above 0 represent a reasonable level of continuity, with higher values indicating greater reasonableness. The indicators of the ocean ecological environment suggest that values below 0 represent reverse development of the marine ecological environment, while values above 0 represent positive development as the marine ecological environment is managed. The comparison of these two indicators represents the degree of matching between the development of the ocean economy and the ocean ecological environment. When the indicator of the ocean economy is higher than that of the ocean ecological environment, it means that the level of economic development is greater than that of ecological development, and vice versa. The smaller the difference between the two indicators, the more balanced the development of the ocean economy and the ocean ecological environment, which is more conducive to the sustainable, balanced development of the ocean city. Otherwise, there is the drawback of one-sided and single development.

The values of the integrated development levels of the two subsystems for each year derived are shown in Figure 4.

According to the line graph shown in Figure 4, from 2006 to 2012, the overall comprehensive development level of marine economic system showed an increasing trend, while the three years of 2008, 2011 and 2012 all showed a decreasing trend, and the comprehensive development level in 2010 reached the highest value of 2.14435 in the seven years from 2006 to 2012. The overall change of the integrated development level of marine ecosystem also shows a growth trend, but its growth rate is smaller than the growth rate of the integrated development level of marine economy, the integrated development level of marine ecosystem shows a decreasing trend in 2008 and 2011, and the integrated development level of marine ecosystem in the other five years all show an increasing trend. In the other five years, the integrated development level of the marine ecosystem showed an increase, but the increase was smaller in most years [41]. The overall trend of change in the integrated development level of both systems is increasing, but the change in the integrated development level of the marine ecosystem is slower than the change in the integrated development level of the marine economy, indicating that the marine economy developed faster than the ecosystem over the seven-year period from 2006 to 2012.

The marine economic and ecological compatibility coefficient is a measure used to assess the level of compatibility between economic activities and ecological conservation in the marine environment. This coefficient is derived by comparing the value of economic activities with the level of ecological impact they have on the marine environment. Based on the economic value and ecological impact of each activity, a score for economic and ecological compatibility can be assigned. This score indicates the level of compatibility between economic activities and ecological conservation in the marine environment [42]. When the U(A/B) coefficient increases, it represents a positive correlation and promotion of the impact of the ocean economy on the marine ecological environment, while the opposite represents a negative correlation and impact. When the U(B/A) coefficient increases, it represents a positive correlation and promotion of the impact of the development of the marine ecological environment on the ocean economy. Otherwise, it represents a negative correlation and impact due to the need for economic investment to alleviate the deterioration of the marine ecological environment caused by environmental changes. The larger the difference between the two indicators, the lower the compatibility degree. Otherwise, the compatibility degree is better.

The analysis of the results of the coefficient of coordination between marine economy and ecological environment in Zhanjiang is shown in Figure 5.

According to Figure 5, from 2006 to 2012, the coordination coefficient of the marine economic system to the ecosystem in Zhanjiang showed an overall increasing trend, and showed a huge increase in 2009 and 2010, while from 2006 to 2007 and from 2010 to 2012, the coefficient showed a more moderate change, indicating that the development of the marine economy in Zhanjiang is approaching the coordination value required by the marine. This indicates that the development of the marine economy in Zhanjiang is approaching the coordination value required by the marine ecosystem [43].

4.3. Spatially Structured Environmental Analysis of MELs

In 2009, the comprehensive development level of the marine economy and the ecological environment in Zhanjiang was equal, and the comprehensive development level of the marine economic system had been lower than the comprehensive development level of the marine ecological environment system until 2009, while after 2009, the comprehensive development level of the marine ecological environment system has never been able to exceed the economic level. Since 2010, the ecological environment and the marine economy have developed in opposite trends, and the gap between the marine ecological environment and the marine economy has gradually opened up, indicating that the rapid development of the marine economy in recent years has been accompanied by a relatively lagging degree of improvement in the ecological environment and a far from being able to meet the huge needs of the rapidly developing marine economy [44].

From 2010, the coefficient of coordination between the marine economic system and the ecosystem reached above 0.9, and in 2012, it was even closer to 1, indicating that the actual situation of the marine economic system in that year was very close to the value of coordination with the marine ecosystem as required by the marine ecosystem. In 2006, 2010 and 2011, the magnitude of the coefficient of coordination between the two systems was relatively close, so the degree of coordination between the marine economy and the ecological environment was high in these three years, while in 2007 and 2012, the gap between the coefficients of coordination between the two systems increased abruptly and significantly, resulting in a decline in the coordination between the marine economy and the ecological environment.

5. Discussion

There are many studies on spatially structured environmental analysis of marine ecosystems. One example is “Analysis of the Marine Economy and Marine Ecosystem Environment in the Yellow River Delta Region” by Li Liang and Wang Baohua. It looks at data from 2003 to 2013 and employs various techniques, such as principal component analysis and grey correlation analysis, to assess links between ocean economy and ocean ecology. The authors’ findings are that the marine economy has had a significant impact on the marine ecological landscape environment in the region, but that this impact has been largely negative [45].

Crépin et al. analyzed the spatial relationship between the marine economy and the ecological landscape of a marine resource system in the Gulf of Guinea in the case study ‘Spatial resilience of ecosystem services and marine resource systems’. By combining economic and ecological data with spatial analysis methods, they identified areas within marine resource systems which provide high levels of ecosystem services. The study highlights the importance of managing marine resource systems and sustaining marine ecosystem services through understanding the spatial structure of marine ecological landscapes [46].

The previous studies have not used machine vision technology to support their research. The previous studies investigated the complex relationship between economic development and environmental protection in marine areas at different levels. This paper uses machine vision to analyse the relationship between marine economic development and the spatial environment of marine ecological landscapes in Zhanjiang region, which is a somewhat innovative approach. The innovations in this paper are as follows: Automation: Machine vision-based spatial environmental analysis can automate the analysis process, saving time and reducing the risk of errors in manual analysis. Accuracy: This method can provide high accuracy and precision in environmental analysis, making it an effective tool for detecting and monitoring changes in marine ecosystems [47]. Spatially structured analysis: This approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of marine ecology through analysis of spatial patterns and identification of spatial relationships between environmental variables. Machine vision-based spatially structured environmental analysis enables a more comprehensive understanding of the interactions between human activities and the environment by allowing the integration of economic and ecological data [48].

This paper also has research shortcomings: while sustainable development is a comprehensive, dynamic and inclusive system, previous studies have used qualitative analysis rather than quantitative evaluation. Therefore, more influencing factors should be taken into account when building an empirical model. In addition, the complexity and diversity of the coastal landscape environment of marine cities is also a challenge [49]. Therefore, the indicators selected in this paper are large and unrepresentative and cannot represent the negative impact of the waterfront space ecosystem in the whole region. Spatially structured image-based environmental analysis relies on data, and the availability of data can be limited, particularly in remote or under-researched marine areas. This can limit the effectiveness of the analysis [50].

6. Conclusions

Along with the development of marine industry, the spatially structured environment of MEL has become a research hotspot, and this paper analyzes the spatially structured environment of MEL based on MV. Through the study of this paper, machine vision can become a powerful tool for analyzing the relationship between marine economic development and the marine ecological landscape environment. Machine vision can correlate the ecological and economic data to identify the relationship between marine economic development and ecological landscape. It is involve using statistical analysis and machine learning algorithms to identify patterns and relationships between different variables. By collecting and processing visual data, detecting marine ecological landscapes, monitoring marine fauna and flora, and correlating ecological and economic data, researchers can gain a better understanding of the complex relationship between economic development and ecological health in marine ecosystems.

On the basis of machine vision technology, the problems related to the ecological environment of the sea area in Zhanjiang are analyzed, and the marine ecological environment problem is one of the important hindering factors affecting the development of the marine industry; we accelerate the development and growth of the marine industry at the same time. How to enhance the awareness of environmental protection is the current problem we need to solve urgently; without a good environment, we will certainly not be able to obtain good economic benefits. Therefore, it is also necessary to increase the work of marine ecological environmental protection, strengthen management techniques and do a good job of monitoring, prediction and early warning. The spatially structured environment of MEL based on MV needs further in-depth research and analysis.

Through the analysis of the full text, this paper believes that it is necessary to conduct an extensive and specific study on the impact of human activities in coastal areas on the marine ecological landscape environment. In particular, the study of the marine ecological landscape is an important research field in coastal areas to understand the impact of human activities on marine economy, species diversity and spatial patterns, as well as their interaction with marine ecological landscape changes. The study of marine ecological landscape environment and marine economy can provide specific scientific data for the protection of marine ecosystem and coastal areas and put forward policy countermeasures to make use of these data to contribute to the sustainable utilization and protection of marine and coastal areas.

Main Countermeasures to Promote the Harmonious Development of Marine Economic Development and Ecological Environment in Zhanjiang:

• Actively build a sustainable industrial system related to marine ecological landscape environment.

The first is to strengthen industrial orientation, optimize the proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries and highlight the subdivision of areas. It is necessary to take the marine ecological landscape environment industry as an important starting point. In the Zhanjiang area, we can explore the links of marine environmental protection and landscape ecological development to shape the characteristic brand of marine sustainable development, promote the integration of different industrial ecosystems and create the most optimized marine ecological industrial cluster in Zhanjiang. The second is to promote the sustainable development of the tertiary industry in marine areas from the overall marine ecological landscape pattern. The construction of marine ecological landscape environment in the Zhanjiang area is realized by consciously adding the marine ecological environmental protection demonstration zone. This requires planners and urban construction decision-makers to proceed from the overall marine landscape pattern of Zhanjiang and connect the key local and overall industries so that the development of the marine ecological landscape pattern in Zhanjiang forms a continuity between the maintenance of marine landscape ecological process, ecological restoration and marine economic development.

• Improve the environmental governance of marine ecological landscape and the construction of economic planning system.

Establishing the concept of marine ecological landscape environment sustainable development and realizing the security and stability of marine ecological landscape environment and marine economy are inseparable from the marine ecological landscape environmental protection and economic planning system in the Zhanjiang area. On the one hand, the implementation of marine ecological landscape environmental planning and evaluation system in the Zhanjiang area can effectively ensure the science and sustainability of the planning and reduce the negative impact. On the other hand, we should formulate scientific and detailed standards for marine ecological landscape environmental planning in Zhanjiang, improve the code of conduct for the governance of marine ecological environment and ensure the implementation of various indicators of marine ecological landscape environmental planning and economic development in Zhanjiang from the institutional level. In addition, we should adhere to the principle of overall planning of land and sea, promote the integration of functional zoning of the sea area around Zhanjiang with land use planning and industrial layout and strengthen the governance of the regional marine ecological environment and economic system planning.

• Build a diversified participation in marine ecological landscape environment and the development form of marine economy.

In order to improve the effectiveness of the common development of all subjects, it is necessary to build a cooperative mechanism for diversified stakeholders (government, enterprises, social organizations, public, mass media) to participate in marine ecological landscape environmental protection and marine economic development. First, the government plays a leading role in controlling the development direction of marine governance at the macro level, and under the mechanism of government-led and multi-subject participation, we should reasonably divide the responsibilities of relevant subjects, avoid cross-duplication and comprehensively improve the efficiency of the development of marine ecological landscape environment and the sustainable growth of marine economy in Zhanjiang area. Second, in the system, establish a multi-subject consultation mechanism; due to the different focus of different subjects, they not only have different interests, but also different interest demands, and there are differences in management rules, interaction patterns and behavior patterns. In this case, the effective cooperation of the relevant subjects of marine ecological environment governance needs to be resolved through negotiation and negotiation.

• Improve the ability of environmental management and ecological restoration of marine ecological landscape.

First, based on intelligent and rapid exploration and the innovation of new methods for the protection of marine ecological landscape environment and the development and management of marine economy, reduce the work intensity of marine-related staff and improve the efficiency of marine management and ecological landscape restoration. Second, upgrade the facilities and equipment for marine management and ecological landscape restoration, and strive to improve the efficiency and coverage level of marine management and ecological restoration. The third is to build marine ecological landscape management and marine ecological landscape restoration service stations; develop field fixed-point fine restoration capabilities; support indoor testing, analysis and evaluation; sample data preservation capabilities; and strengthen the in situ online application of video, in addition to other technical means. This can improve the timeliness and effectiveness of the dissemination of information on environmental protection of marine ecological landscape.