Inter-Individual Differences in Cognitive Response to a Single Bout of Physical Exercise—A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Experimental Design
2.2.1. Screening (t0)—Incremental Step Test
2.2.2. Exercise Conditions (t1, t2)
2.2.3. Neuropsychological Measures
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Data
3.2. Baseline (t0)
3.3. Group Analysis
3.4. Median Split
3.5. Intra-Individual and Inter-Individual Changes
4. Discussion
4.1. Responders vs. Non-Responders
4.2. Neurobiological Mechanisms of Exercise Induced Cognitive Enhancement
4.3. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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EG1 (n = 13) | EG2 (n = 13) | CG (n = 13) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | F | p | |
Demographic Data | ||||||||
age (year) | 23.54 | 3.05 | 24.00 | 3.56 | 22.46 | 3.13 | 0.76 | 0.472 |
height (cm) | 185 | 0.06 | 182 | 0.08 | 178 | 0.07 | 2.71 | 0.080 |
weight (kg) | 82.15 | 7.48 | 82.31 | 9.53 | 77.08 | 10.55 | 1.34 | 0.275 |
BMI (kg/cm2) | 24.03 | 1.62 | 24.86 | 1.86 | 24.14 | 2.25 | 0.71 | 0.500 |
BDI (score) | 4.92 | 3.64 | 4.08 | 2.81 | 7.08 | 4.39 | 2.31 | 0.114 |
Physical Activity per Week | ||||||||
count | 2.08 | 0.49 | 2.15 | 0.69 | 1.85 | 0.80 | 0.74 | 0.486 |
duration (h) | 3.54 | 1.22 | 3.46 | 1.13 | 3.41 | 1.39 | 0.16 | 0.850 |
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Schwarck, S.; Schmicker, M.; Dordevic, M.; Rehfeld, K.; Müller, N.; Müller, P. Inter-Individual Differences in Cognitive Response to a Single Bout of Physical Exercise—A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 1101. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081101
Schwarck S, Schmicker M, Dordevic M, Rehfeld K, Müller N, Müller P. Inter-Individual Differences in Cognitive Response to a Single Bout of Physical Exercise—A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(8):1101. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081101
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchwarck, Svenja, Marlen Schmicker, Milos Dordevic, Kathrin Rehfeld, Notger Müller, and Patrick Müller. 2019. "Inter-Individual Differences in Cognitive Response to a Single Bout of Physical Exercise—A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 8: 1101. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8081101