Serum and Urine Interferon Gamma-Induced Protein 10 (IP-10) Levels in Lupus Nephritis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Human Studies
2.2. ELISA
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Serum and Urine IP-10 Levels Are Enhanced in Patients with Active LN, and Urine IP-10 Levels Are Different for Patients with Proliferative versus Membranous LN
3.2. Urine IP-10 Levels Decrease with LN Remission
3.3. Differential Serum and Urine IP-10 Levels for LN versus Non-LN Glomerular Diseases
3.4. Differential Serum and Urine IP-10 Levels for African American versus White American LN Patients
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Age in years (range) | LN Patients Average = 35.9 (20.5–67) | UPCR | ||||||
GD Patients Average = 48.4 (19–73) | LN Patient | Lupus Class | Active UPCR (mg/g) | GD Patient | UPCR (mg/g) | |||
Sex (%) | LN patients | 1 | III/V | 1151 | 1 | 4940 | ||
Female | 33/38 (86.8) | 2 | III | 2073 | 2 | 4901 | ||
Male | 5/38 (13.2) | 3 | IV | 1173 | 3 | 9538 | ||
4 | IV | 2250 | 4 | 7708 | ||||
GD Patients | 5 | III/V | 783 | 5 | 4357 | |||
Female | 4/11 (36.4) | 6 | III/V | 1307 | 6 | 7303 | ||
Male | 7/11 (63.6) | 7 | IV | 1329 | 7 | 11,000 | ||
Race (%) | LN Patients | 8 | IV | 1509 | 8 | 10,000 | ||
African American | 29/38 (76.3) | 9 | IV | 1333 | 9 | 1171 | ||
White | 8/38 (21.1) | 10 | IV/V | 2645 | 10 | 4483 | ||
Asian | 1/38 (2.6) | 11 | III/V | 1859 | 11 | 4571 | ||
GD Patients | 12 | IV/V | 3507 | |||||
African American | 1/11 (9.1) | 13 | IV/V | 1489 | ||||
White | 7/11 (63.6) | 14 | V | 1439 | ||||
Asian | 2/11 (18.2) | 15 | III/V | 905 | ||||
Other | 1/11 (9.1) | 16 | IV | 1554 | ||||
17 | IV/V | 2928 | ||||||
Anti DS DNA Positive | 27/37 (73.0) | 18 | IV/V | 1712 | ||||
Low C3/C4 (%) | 23/37 (62.3) | 19 | IV/V | 4791 | ||||
Lupus Class (%) | 20 | IV | 3633 | |||||
III | 3/38 (7.9) | 21 | IV/V | 2354 | ||||
IV | 10/38 (26.3) | 22 | III | 2679 | ||||
V | 6/38 (15.8) | 23 | III | 923 | ||||
III/V | 8/3 (21.1) | 24 | V | 1769 | ||||
IV/V | 11/38 (28.9) | 25 | IV | 2746 | ||||
26 | V | 12,681 | ||||||
Immunosuppression at collection of samples (%) | 27 | V | 1066 | |||||
Mycophenolate | 33/38 (86.8) | 28 | IV/V | 1768 | ||||
Prednisone | 27/38 (71.1) | 29 | IV | 1127 | ||||
Hydroxycholorquine | 26/38 (68.4) | 30 | III/V | 3553 | ||||
Belimumab | 5/38 (13.2) | 31 | III/V | 1355 | ||||
Methotrexate | 1/38 (2.6) | 32 | III/V | 1513 | ||||
Tacrolimus | 4/38 (10.5) | 33 | IV | 2427 | ||||
Cyclophosphamide | 4/38 (10.5) | 34 | IV/V | 6355 | ||||
Rituximab | 4/38 (10.5) | 35 | IV/V | 14,611 | ||||
36 | IV/V | 928 | ||||||
37 | V | 3819 | ||||||
38 | V | 1229 |
Sample | Active LN Urine IP10/Creatinine (pg/mg) | Inactive LN Urine IP10/Creatinine (pg/mg) | Active UPCR (mg/g) | Inactive UPCR (mg/g) | Active LN C3/C4 (mg/dL) | Active LN anti-dsDNA (IU/mL) | Inactive LN C3/C4 (mg/dL) | Inactive LN anti-dsDNA (IU/mL) | Time between Samples (Days) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 90 | 4.225 | 1151 | 211 | 122/30 | 11 | 103/30 | 11 | 665 |
2 | 75 | 28.017 | 2073 | 108 | 54/3 | 2318 | 99/11 | 74 | 154 |
3 | 32.099 | 10.945 | 1173 | 119 | 68/16 | 350 | 94/14 | 184 | 133 |
4 | 31.25 | 54.472 | 2250 | 285 | 60/13 | 739 | 43/6 ᵻ | 6035 ᵻ | 294 |
5 | 28.571 | 36.986 | 783 | 301 | 112/30 | 16 | 107/26 | 15 | 91 |
6 | 28.125 | 4.124 | 1307 | 196 | 71/10 | 24 | 99/12 | 9 | 924 |
7 | 23.78 | 5.634 | 1329 | 254 | 130/19 | 50 | 107/14 | 81 | 378 |
8 | 20.755 | 5.357 | 1509 | 226 | 74/28 | 23 | 79/23 | 13 | 895 |
9 | 18.841 | 6.667 | 1333 | 333 | 89/20 | 37 | 93/21 | 43 | 721 |
10 | 18.28 | 9.589 | 2645 | 205 | 73/18 | 11 | 62/14 | 6 | 938 |
11 | 16.667 | 66.423 | 1859 | 117 | 106/11 | 181 | 143/18 | 34 | 826 |
12 | 16.592 | 86.567 | 3507 | 209 | 79/17 | 50 | 85/19 | 37 | 928 |
13 | 14.674 | 10.484 | 1489 | 258 | 92/10 * | 55 * | 57/13 | 34 | 1155 |
14 | 12.121 | 6.618 | 1439 | 125 | 171/52 | 1 | 145/34 | 1 | 525 |
15 | 11.385 | 20.283 | 905 | 170 | 93/37 | 8 | 99/33 | 19 | 1050 |
16 | 8.108 | 7.317 | 1554 | 366 | 81/15 | 7 | 79/11 | 6 | 1525 |
17 | 5.797 | 2.857 | 2928 | 362 | NC | NC | 104/26 | 116 | 1175 |
18 | 5.479 | 3.125 | 1712 | 164 | 136/38 | 14 | NC | NC | 1728 |
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Brady, M.P.; Chava, S.; Tandon, S.; Rane, M.J.; Barati, M.T.; Caster, D.J.; Powell, D.W. Serum and Urine Interferon Gamma-Induced Protein 10 (IP-10) Levels in Lupus Nephritis. J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11, 3199. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113199
Brady MP, Chava S, Tandon S, Rane MJ, Barati MT, Caster DJ, Powell DW. Serum and Urine Interferon Gamma-Induced Protein 10 (IP-10) Levels in Lupus Nephritis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022; 11(11):3199. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113199
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrady, Makayla P., Saiteja Chava, Shweta Tandon, Madhavi J. Rane, Michelle T. Barati, Dawn J. Caster, and David W. Powell. 2022. "Serum and Urine Interferon Gamma-Induced Protein 10 (IP-10) Levels in Lupus Nephritis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 11: 3199. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11113199