The Relationship between Paresthesia and the Presence of Cardiac Dysautonomia in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Preliminary Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Subjects and Methods
2.1. Place of Study and Participants
2.2. Autonomic Tests
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | COVID+ (n = 29) | COVID− (n = 15) | Statistic |
---|---|---|---|
Gender, female, n (%) | 23 (79.31) | 7 (46.66) | χ2 = 4.856 p = 0.028 |
(±SD) | (±SD) | ||
Age | 45.21 (±12.1) | 44.80 (±8.7) | t = 0.693 p = 0.492 |
BMI | 25.75 (±5.0) | 25.94 (±3.5) | t = −0.123 p = 0.902 |
HR | 70.14 (±10.9) | 68.66 (±6.5) | t = 0.477 p = 0.635 |
SBP | 120.77 (±17.6) | 124.60(±22.3) | t = −0.610 p = 0.544 |
DBP | 78.70 (±8.9) | 82.46 (±15.5) | t = −0.999 p = 0.323 |
MBP | 92.72 (10.73) | 96.50 (17.50705) | t = −0.870 p = 0.389 |
Active stand SBP | 131.48 (±18.9) | 143.33 (±23.5) | t = −1.783 p = 0.082 |
Active stand DBP | 90.74 (±13.7) | 98.33 (±17.07) | t = −1.570 p = 0.124 |
Active stand MBP | 104.31(±14.6) | 113.28 (±18.5) | t = −1.725 p = 0.092 |
SDNN | 45.96 (±27.4) | 44.73 (±17.8) | t = 0.155 p = 0.877 |
CV | 5.08 (±2.4) | 5.01 (±1.7) | t = 0.104 p = 0.917 |
RMSSD | 39.57 (±35.4) | 37.55 (±24.4) | t = 0.195 p = 0.845 |
log LF | −1.756 (±0.51) | −1.535 (±0.35) | t = −1.476 p = 0.147 |
log HF | −1.801 (±0.52) | −1.602 (±0.36) | t = −1.302 p = 0.200 |
LF/HF | 1.6554 (±1.439) | 1.2572 (±0.811) | t = 0.984 p = 0.330 |
HRV (deep breathing) | 26.851 (±11.9) | 26.200 (±7.7) | t = 0.190 p = 0.850 |
EI | 1.3155 (±0.1) | 1.3466 (±0.1) | t = −0.687 p = 0.495 |
VI | 1.6707 (±0.4) | 1.5433 (±0.2) | t = 0.912 p = 0.366 |
Active stand HR | 1.2646 (±0.5) | 1.2673 (±0.1) | t = −0.020 p = 0.984 |
Active stand SBP | −10.703 (±10.2) | −18.733 (±8.4) | t = 6.655 p = 0.013 |
Variables | Paresthesia | Statistic | |
---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 17) | No (n = 12) | ||
Gender, female, n (%) | 14 (87.5) | 9 (81.8) | χ2 = 2.32 p = 0.630 |
(±SD) | |||
Age | 43.62 (±6.1) | 51.90 (±13.4) | t = −2.169 p = 0.039 |
BMI | 26.10 (±5.5) | 25.25 (±4.4) | t = 0.423 p = 0.675 |
log LF | −1.64 (±0.4) | −1.91 (±0.6) | t = 1.361 p = 0.185 |
log HF | −1.62 (±0.5) | −2.06 (±0.3) | t = 2.314 p = 0.029 |
LF/HF | 1.22 (±0.9) | 2.28 (±1.8) | t = −1.978 p = 0.058 |
Entropy | −4.92 (±0.6) | −4.58 (±0.7) | t = −1.270 p = 0.215 |
HRV (deep breathing) | 28.93 (±10.8) | 23.81 (±13.3) | t = 1.101 p = 0.281 |
EI | 1.34 (±0.1) | 1.27 (±0.1) | t = 1.176 p = 0.250 |
VI | 1.73 (±0.5) | 1.57 (±0.3) | t = 0.809 p = 0.426 |
HR | 71 (±11.0) | 68.90 (±11.2) | t = 0.480 p = 0.634 |
SBP | 120 (16.5) | 120 (30) | z = −0.101 p = 0.919 |
DBP | 80 (20) | 80 (8.7) | z = −0.167 p = 0.867 |
Medians (IQR) | |||
MBP | 93.33 (10.4) | 93.33 (10) | z = −0.100 p = 0.919 |
SDNN | 43.50 (36.7) | 29.00 (25) | z = −1.308 p = 0.190 |
CV | 5.05 (5.2) | 3.50 (3.1) | z = −1.777 p = 0.075 |
RMSSD | 31.64 (53.7) | 22.63 (18.8) | z = −1.233 p = 0.217 |
Active stand HR | 1.09 (0.2) | 1.10 (0.4) | z = −0.123 p = 0.901 |
Active stand BP | −10.00 (13.7) | −10.00 (15.0) | z = −2.265 p = 0.178 |
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López-Galán, E.; Montoya-Pedrón, A.; Sánchez-Hechavarría, M.E.; Muñoz-Bustos, M.E.; Muñoz-Bustos, G.A. The Relationship between Paresthesia and the Presence of Cardiac Dysautonomia in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Preliminary Observational Study. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071095
López-Galán E, Montoya-Pedrón A, Sánchez-Hechavarría ME, Muñoz-Bustos ME, Muñoz-Bustos GA. The Relationship between Paresthesia and the Presence of Cardiac Dysautonomia in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Preliminary Observational Study. Brain Sciences. 2023; 13(7):1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071095
Chicago/Turabian StyleLópez-Galán, Erislandis, Arquímedes Montoya-Pedrón, Miguel Enrique Sánchez-Hechavarría, Mario Eugenio Muñoz-Bustos, and Gustavo Alejandro Muñoz-Bustos. 2023. "The Relationship between Paresthesia and the Presence of Cardiac Dysautonomia in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A Preliminary Observational Study" Brain Sciences 13, no. 7: 1095. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13071095