Variance of Zein Protein and Starch Granule Morphology between Corn and Steam Flaked Products Determined Starch Ruminal Degradability Through Altering Starch Hydrolyzing Bacteria Attachment
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design and Chemical Profiles
2.2. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
2.3. SDS-PAGE
2.4. Starch Granule Particle Size Analysis
2.5. Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (SAXS)
2.6. In Situ Procedures and Starch Hydrolyzing Bacteria Collection
2.7. Quantification of Starch Hydrolyzing Bacteria
3. Results
3.1. Zein Protein Pattern and Starch–Protein Matrix
3.2. Starch Granule Morphology
3.3. Starch Granule Crystallinity
3.4. Starch Hydrolyzing Bacteria Attached to Incubation Residues
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Mastersizer Data | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
D10 | D25 | D50 | D75 | D90 | |
Corn1 | 11.15 | 14.29 | 17.77 | 21.70 | 26.97 |
SFCorn1 | 11.29 | 20.02 | 30.83 | 50.27 | 96.34 |
Corn2 | 11.24 | 14.45 | 17.98 | 24.44 | 27.15 |
SFCorn2 | 9.99 | 17.86 | 26.03 | 45.20 | 54.60 |
Sample | Incubation Time (h) | SEM | P | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 | 12 | 24 | 48 | |||
Corn 1, % | 43.9aA | 28.8b | 20.1bB | 31.5b | 3.73 | 0.01 |
SFCorn 1, % | 34.6bB | 23.3b | 44.9aA | 35.7a | 4.06 | 0.03 |
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Xu, N.; Wang, D.; Liu, J. Variance of Zein Protein and Starch Granule Morphology between Corn and Steam Flaked Products Determined Starch Ruminal Degradability Through Altering Starch Hydrolyzing Bacteria Attachment. Animals 2019, 9, 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9090626
Xu N, Wang D, Liu J. Variance of Zein Protein and Starch Granule Morphology between Corn and Steam Flaked Products Determined Starch Ruminal Degradability Through Altering Starch Hydrolyzing Bacteria Attachment. Animals. 2019; 9(9):626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9090626
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, NingNing, DiMing Wang, and JianXin Liu. 2019. "Variance of Zein Protein and Starch Granule Morphology between Corn and Steam Flaked Products Determined Starch Ruminal Degradability Through Altering Starch Hydrolyzing Bacteria Attachment" Animals 9, no. 9: 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9090626